Protist and Fungi New Book 7 th Grade 2009 Tomayer

Protist Kingdom Protista Most single cells, some colonies Eukaryotic cells—has a nucleus Eat in a variety of ways, produce own food, decompose, heterotrophic, parasites Some move, cilia, flagella, psuedopods, some don’t No specialized tissues, not as complex as other kingdoms Have asexual and sexual forms of reproduction

Kinds of Protists Protist Producers –Algae, seaweeds –Free-floating single celled algae are called phyotplankton, provide food for many other organisms –Red Algae—most seaweeds, live in tropical oceans, attach to rocks, or other algae, grow to around 1 meter, chlorophyll and red pigment –Green Algae—most diverse, chlorophyll main pigment, live in water, moist soil, colonies, many celled can grow to 8 meters

Kinds of Protists Protist Producers –Brown Algae—cool climates, attach to rocks or large floating beds, chlorophyll and yellow- brown pigment, can be up to 60 meters long, gigantic algae –Diatoms—single celled, salt and fresh water, make up a large percentage of phytoplankton, glasslike cell walls contain silica

Kinds of Protists Protist Producers –Dinoflagellates—single celled, mostly salt water, few fresh water and snow, two whiplike strands called flagella, causes the cells to spin, can eat a variety of ways –Euglenoids—single-celled, fresh water, flagella to move, autotroph and heterotroph, structure on page 54 in your book

Kinds of Protists Heterotrophs that Can Move--Protozoans –Amoebas—jellylike, fresh and salt water, pseudopods (false feet to move), extensions of cytoplasm, some parasitic, –Shelled Amoeba-like Protists—Radiolarian, look like glass ornaments, Foraminiferans— snail like shell, poke psuedopodia through pores in the shell

Kinds of Protists Heterotrophic that Can Move—Protozoan –Zooflagellates—wave flagella back and forth, live in water or bodies of other organisms, can be mutualistic—one organism lives closely with another organism, each helps the other –Ciliates—complex, hundreds of tiny, hairlike structures called cilia, move by beating, paramecium—picture and structure on page 57 of book

Kinds of Protists Heterotrophs that Can’t Move –Move sometime in life cycle or parasitic –Spore-Forming Protists Complex life cycles Water Molds—can’t move, water, moist soil or parasitic, decomposers, single-celled Slime Molds—move with pseudopods, globs of slime, decompose, spores

Fungi Mushrooms, yeast, athlete’s foot, make foods Eukaryotic, heterotrophs, rigid cell walls, no chlorophyll Must live on nearby food supply, consumers and decomposers, mutualistic with plants, like mycorrhiza, helps plants get nutrients, or can be disease causing

Fungi Hyphae—threadlike fungal filaments, make of cells, that have openings to the next cell allowing cytoplasm to move between Mycelium—mass of hyphae

Fungi-Reproduction Asexual—hyphae break apart and becomes a new fungi, spores—small reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall Sexual—special structures form sex cells, and those produce sexual spores

Kinds of Fungi Threadlike Fungi—mold—shapeless fuzzy fungus, most live in soil and are decomposers, spore case in reproduction is called sporangia Sac Fungi—largest group, yeast, powdery mildews, truffles, morels, sexual reproduction produces as sac called an ascus, also do budding, useful to humans, some parasitic cause plant disease

Kinds of Fungi Club Fungi—umbrella shaped mushrooms, reproduce sexually, grow special structure called a basidia (club) and spores develop inside the club, most of the organism actually grows underground, gill fungi—grow gills structures under the cap Nonmushroom Club Fungi—bracket, puffballs, smuts and rusts, crop destroyers, grow out of trees

Kinds of Fungi Imperfect Fungi—includes all fungi that don’t quite fit in the other catagories, do not reproduce sexually, most are parasites, penicillum, cheese, soy sauce etc. Lichens—combination of a fungus and an algae that grow together, alga lives inside the protective walls of the fungus, mutualistic relationship, alga produces food, grow in a variety of environments, only need air, light and minerals, they grow on rocks, affected by air pollution