Inclusion Strategies for Secondary Classrooms Chapter 7

 Note taking serves an encoding function that helps students process information  Note taking also serves as an external storage for information that has not yet been stored in long-term memory

 Abbreviating helps with issue of not writing quickly enough  Abbreviate by shortening words to 3- 4 letters or using initials of commonly used terms  Symbols can also be used in note taking  It’s helpful to have a key to abbreviations on a corner of the page

 Summarizing makes students think about and internalize what they learned  Students, not teachers, need to summarize since it’s a part of the metacognitive process, but teachers should guide the students to focus on what is important

 Providing partial notes in a graphic organizer promotes achievement because students aren’t deprived of the encoding process  Partial graphic organizers provides an appropriate amount of scaffolding  Partial notes graphic organizers are less confusing than skeletal notes graphic organizers and creates structures for understanding relationships among concepts  See example on page 93

 Guided notes are skeleton outlines of the main ideas and concepts with spaces where students are to write supporting information  Guided lecture-specific notes work because it keeps students engaged during lectures and helps guide students through the note taking process  Guided notes works best when it is paired with reviews of the notes

 Students use metacognitive skills, such as activating prior knowledge and organizing information, to become more strategic note takers  A generic guide with three parts is given to students  Part 1: Identify topic and connect it to prior knowledge  Part 2: Record main points and supporting details during lecture  Part 3: Summarize information at the end of each page

 Brick and mortar notes help students process information more deeply because they facilitate review  Students cover the answers to questions on notes and reveals answer after trying to respond to a question  This strategy requires teachers to organize their lecture into question then answer format

 Three-columned personalized notes help engage students by having them make personal connections to the content as they take notes  By connecting content to themselves, students increase comprehension, retention, and motivation  Students can discuss the ‘personal’ entries and this provides more examples TopicDetails Personal Thoughts/ Experiences

WhenWhereWhoWhatHowWhyEffect  Newspaper notes uses a graphic organizer to help/teach students how to summarize information  Summarizing is an important skill since it equates to comprehension  This strategy is best suited for literature, history, and current events