Shared Rivers Waterways for economic integration or conflict Danida Development Days 2011 Kurt Mørck Jensen Danish Institute for Development Studies.

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Presentation transcript:

Shared Rivers Waterways for economic integration or conflict Danida Development Days 2011 Kurt Mørck Jensen Danish Institute for Development Studies

River Basins in Southern Africa

Water Stress in Southern Africa

The Zambezi Basin

SADC ( Southern Africa Development Community) Political and economic cooperation SADC Water Protocol SADC Water Division SADC Water Regional Strategic Action Plan (RSAP) Transboundary River Basin Organizations

ZAMCOM (Zambezi Watercourse Commission) Zambezi River Action Plan (ZACPLAN)1987 Zambezi Action Programme (ZACPRO) up to 2008 ZAMCOM Interim Secretariat 2009 Zambezi Watercourse Commission 2011?

Zambezi Basin Rationale for Cooperation – issues based Water for economic development Water for livelihoods Water for the environment Water related disaster management Water and climate change Water for tourism Water management

Zambezi Basin Hydropower

Bilateral Cooperation Zambia and Zimbabwe

Challenges Donor driven river basin cooperation Lack of capacity at national level Northern approaches: ”one size fits all”? The IWRM recipe and the ‘triple bottom line’ World Bank: economic development Scandinavians: governance, environment, stakeholders Basin wide approach vs. issue based approach

Opportunities The drivers for cooperation and integration Regional political integration From an open to a closed water regime Investments for growth, food and energy security (hydropower and irrigation) Competing water uses (hydropower vs. Irrigation) Climate change and natural disasters IWRM, environment and social agendas South Africa: water transfer or virtual water

Challenges Geo-political tensions Orange and Limpopo: South Africa water demand Okawango: Namibia and Botswana Zambezi: upstream-downstream, different and opposing national interests

Challenges Zambezi geo-politics: interests and benefits Interests and benefits are location specific Zambia and Zimbabwe: upstream, beyond-the- river benefits Mozambique: downstream, management and development requires basin cooperation Botswana, Namibia: dry countries, water transfers Angola, Malawi and Tanzania: upstream, indifferent