U.S. History 8 Liberty Middle School – EDI Learning Objective: Students will be able to define secession and describe how the South used the concept of states’ rights to begin the Civil War. Concept Development: Many people in the South before the Civil War were worried that the federal 1 government was _______ __________________ of the _________, especially over the issue of slavery. Many Southerners, such as _________ __ _________from South Carolina, believed that the South should have its own right to decide what to do. This idea is known as States’ rights: All rights _____ by the states under the Constitution, and not given to the federal government. States’ rights is an important concept. But the South used this idea in a self-serving way.________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________ Most historians agree the Civil War was fought over slavery, but the South often said that it was fought because of states’ rights. 1 federal: National government based in Washington, D.C. Southerners in 1850 Historians today

U.S. History 8 Liberty Middle School – EDI Concept Development: After Lincoln’s election in 1860, the South felt particularly threatened. Ultimately, Southerners chose to try to _______ or ___________ from the United States so they could use their states’rights to have slaves. Secession (to secede): to break away from a country, in this case the South breaking away from the United States. President Lincoln was very much ___________secession. He wanted to __________ the South to remain a part of the U.S. In a famous speech, Lincoln said, “a house _________ ________ _______ cannot stand.” Linco ln The South ultimately opens fires on a ________ fort in Charleston, S.C. called ______ __________on April 12, This _________ the _____ _______ which would last for 4 bloody years as the South tried to secede from the Union. The first battle: Draw a picture of Lincoln’s quote in the bubble.

U.S. History 8 Liberty Middle School – EDI Skill Development/Guided Practice: CW1.9 – Defining Ideas in Context: States’ Rights One of the most important concepts in this unit is the noun phrase, “States’ Rights.” Each of these terms below is related to states’ rights. The following excerpts follow a common practice in history texts- they define important terms within the text itself, using punctuation marks or phrases, like “known as,” or “called....” In the examples that follow, the authors have used commas to separate a term from its definition. Instructions: (the first one has been done for you.) 1. Highlight or underline the definition for each noun. 2. Discuss how that noun might be related to the phrase “states’ rights.” Excerpt from textHow do you think this term is related to the phrase “states rights”? Excerpts and questions from the 2 States’ Rights: All rights kept by the states under the Constitution, and not given to the federal government. People who believe in states’rights want more power for their states than for the nation as a whole, and federalism defines this division of power. People who believe in states rights want the states to decide important issues for themselves, and popular sovereignty says that _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ ___. Concept #1: Federalism “Just as the Constitution divides power among the three branches of the federal government, it also divides power between the states and the nation, a division known as federalism.” (p. 155) Concept #2: Popular Sovereignty Both [political parties] addressed the problem [of slavery] by embracing the idea of popular sovereignty, a policy stating that voters in a territory – not Congress – should decide whether or not to allow slavery there. This idea had wide appeal, since it seemed in keeping with the traditions of American democracy.” (p. 326)

U.S. History 8 Liberty Middle School – EDI Skill Development/Guided Practice: CW1.9 – Defining Ideas in Context: States’ Rights One of the most important concepts in this unit is the noun phrase, “States’ Rights.” Each of these terms below is related to states’ rights. The following excerpts follow a common practice in history texts- they define important terms within the text itself, using punctuation marks or phrases, like “known as,” or “called....” In the examples that follow, the authors have used commas to separate a term from its definition. Instructions: (the first one has been done for you.) 1. Highlight or underline the definition for each noun. 2. Discuss how that noun might be related to the phrase “states’ rights.” Excerpt from textHow do you think this term is related to the phrase “states rights”? Excerpts and questions from the 2 States’ Rights: All rights kept by the states under the Constitution, and not given to the federal government. Concept #3: Secede (Verb Note: The act of seceding is known as secession.) “… Calhoun did not believe that Clay’s proposal gave the South enough protection. If the North would not submit to the South’s demands, “let the states agree to separate and part in peace. If you are unwilling that we should part in peace, tell us so, and we shall know what to do.” In other words, if the North did not agree, the South would secede, or break away, from the Union.” (p. 327) People who believed in states’ rights wanted________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ so if they didn’t get their demands met they thought they had the right to___________ _____________. Concept #4: Nullification (Noun) This episode convinced [John C. Calhoun] that the future of slavery, which he supported, required a stronger defense of states’ rights. Toward that end, he began to champion [argue for] the concept of nullification, which meant that states could nullify, or void, any federal law deemed [thought to be] unconstitutional. (p. 256) People who believed in states rights_________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ ___________ and nullification relates to this because_______________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ ____________.

U.S. History 8 Liberty Middle School – EDI Independent Practice: What are states’ rights?___________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _. How did the South use the idea of states’ rights to secede from the United States?___________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________. Why didn’t Lincoln want the South to secede?__________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________. What happened at Ft. Sumter?__________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _.