6/14/2016 IN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING. IN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING. KOJURI J.M.D. CARDIOLOGIST INTERVENTIONIST. Full PROFESSOR OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES برگزارکننده : مرکزمطالعات و توسعه آموزش پزشکی شیراز

6/14/2016DAVIS. HARDEN. AMEE GUIDE MEDICAL TEACHER 1999 WHAT IS PBL Active learning stimulated by and focused round a problem. Active learning stimulated by and focused round a problem. Since 30 years ago Since 30 years ago RULEG VS. EGRUL RULEG VS. EGRUL Move away from spoon feeding, passive teaching to more active teaching in which the students actively participate in solving a problem and learning around that problem. Move away from spoon feeding, passive teaching to more active teaching in which the students actively participate in solving a problem and learning around that problem. Successful PBL need trained and motivated teachers which play a different role from traditional teachers, they are facilitators, not information and data loaders Successful PBL need trained and motivated teachers which play a different role from traditional teachers, they are facilitators, not information and data loaders Tutors need special education and participation in PBL course and need tutor guide sheet. Tutors need special education and participation in PBL course and need tutor guide sheet.

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TYPES OF TUTOR Tutors should know the curriculum and the course, and appropriately trained in dynamics of groups conduction and facilitation. Tutors should know the curriculum and the course, and appropriately trained in dynamics of groups conduction and facilitation. There are three types of tutors: There are three types of tutors: * Subject matter expert. * Non expert tutors * Subject matter expert. * Non expert tutors * Have not medical experties * Have not medical experties

6/14/2016 TUTORS ROLE Tutors are facilitators and guides for students, they are not lecturers. Tutors are facilitators and guides for students, they are not lecturers. They produce safe and free environment for every student to participate actively, and express their opinions round that problem. They produce safe and free environment for every student to participate actively, and express their opinions round that problem. Avoid criticism and support every correct and incorrect ideas to be expressed. Avoid criticism and support every correct and incorrect ideas to be expressed. Actively support student centered teaching (SPICES model harden 1984). Actively support student centered teaching (SPICES model harden 1984). Guide the students to reach the correct answers, from the best educational ways and help them and support them to search the resources and facilitates group dynamics and team working. Guide the students to reach the correct answers, from the best educational ways and help them and support them to search the resources and facilitates group dynamics and team working. Tutors should not give the students solutions and guide them toward the aim that he or she want, on the other hand tutor should not lecture and give them the correct answers but just help them actively to experience different ways and move toward the correct solutions.!!!! Tutors should not give the students solutions and guide them toward the aim that he or she want, on the other hand tutor should not lecture and give them the correct answers but just help them actively to experience different ways and move toward the correct solutions.!!!!

6/14/2016 TUTOR ROLE How can I guide students toward the best answers without giving them information and tell them that they are true or wrong? How can I guide students toward the best answers without giving them information and tell them that they are true or wrong?

6/14/2016BARROWS HS.PBL SPRINGER 1980 TUTOR ROLE What are the students mistakes in a dynamic group? What are the students mistakes in a dynamic group? 1) REACHING A WRONG CONCLUSIONS. 2) NEGLECT THE OTHER POSSIBLE WAYS. 3) SUPERFICIAL APPROACHES MAKE THEM NOT UNDERESTAND THE PROBLEM COMPLETELY. 4) REACH TO A SILENCE WITHOUT ANY SOLUTIONS. 5) USING OR EXPLAINING THE WRONG INFORMATIONS. 6) MOVE AWAY FROM THE MAIN GOALS OF SESSION.

6/14/2016 TUTOR ROLE How can a tutor help the students to correct themselves and move toward the goals of the session? How can a tutor help the students to correct themselves and move toward the goals of the session?

6/14/2016BARROW HS. PBL. SPRINGER 1980 TUTOR ROLE APPROPRIATE QUESTIONING IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEANS OF PRESERVING GROUP DYNAMIC AND CORRECTING THEM WITHOUT GIVING THEM INFORMATIONS. APPROPRIATE QUESTIONING IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEANS OF PRESERVING GROUP DYNAMIC AND CORRECTING THEM WITHOUT GIVING THEM INFORMATIONS. KNOWING WHEN AND HOW TO ASK QUESTIONS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SKILLS OF A GOOD TUTORS. KNOWING WHEN AND HOW TO ASK QUESTIONS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SKILLS OF A GOOD TUTORS. QUESTIONS ELICIT STUDENTS REASONING. QUESTIONS ELICIT STUDENTS REASONING. QUESTIONS ENCORAGE STUDENTS TO MAKE CONNECTIONS. QUESTIONS ENCORAGE STUDENTS TO MAKE CONNECTIONS. QUESTIONS CAN CHANGE THE PATH TOWARD THE CORRECT GOALS. QUESTIONS CAN CHANGE THE PATH TOWARD THE CORRECT GOALS.

6/14/2016PBL AT QUEENS(2000) QUESTIONS MAY TUTOR ASK HOW AND WHY DO YOU REACH THIS SOLUSION? HOW AND WHY DO YOU REACH THIS SOLUSION? DON ’ T YOU THINK THERE ARE OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS? DON ’ T YOU THINK THERE ARE OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS? DO YOU AGREE WITH YOUR FRIEND? DO YOU AGREE WITH YOUR FRIEND? DO YOU WANT TO GIVE MORE EXPLANATION FOR YOUR DO YOU WANT TO GIVE MORE EXPLANATION FOR YOUR COMMENT? COMMENT? IS THIS SUFFICE, ARE YOU SATISFIED FROM YOUR REASONING? IS THIS SUFFICE, ARE YOU SATISFIED FROM YOUR REASONING? WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP? WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP? DO YOU WANT TO COMPLETE YOUR FIEND? DO YOU WANT TO COMPLETE YOUR FIEND? DO YOU THINK THAT WE NEED MORE INFORMATION? DO YOU THINK THAT WE NEED MORE INFORMATION? ARE YOU SURE AND DO NOT NEED SOME LITERATURE REVIEW? ARE YOU SURE AND DO NOT NEED SOME LITERATURE REVIEW? DO YOU SEE ANY PROGRESS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM? DO YOU SEE ANY PROGRESS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM? WHERE DO WE GO? WHERE DO WE GO?

6/14/2016HOLMES DB ET ALL.ACADEMIC MED IMPORTANT HINTS IN QUESTIONING ENCORAGE THE OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS. ENCORAGE THE OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS. LEARN TO TOLERATE SILENCE. LEARN TO TOLERATE SILENCE. DO NOT AFRAID TO JOIN THE GROUP AS PRTICIPANT. DO NOT AFRAID TO JOIN THE GROUP AS PRTICIPANT. DO NOT DOMINATE THE GROUP WITH YOUR OPININS. DO NOT DOMINATE THE GROUP WITH YOUR OPININS. REMIND THE STUDENTS THE TOPICS WHICH ARE DISCUSSED BUT NOT FULLY UNDERESTOOD. REMIND THE STUDENTS THE TOPICS WHICH ARE DISCUSSED BUT NOT FULLY UNDERESTOOD. ENCORAGE THE STUDENTS TO FOCUS THEMSELVES TO GOALS. ENCORAGE THE STUDENTS TO FOCUS THEMSELVES TO GOALS. PERIODICALLY REMIND THE STUDENTS HOW MUCH THEY LEARNED AND REVIEW THE CORRECT CONCLUSIONS. PERIODICALLY REMIND THE STUDENTS HOW MUCH THEY LEARNED AND REVIEW THE CORRECT CONCLUSIONS. LEARN HOW TO DECREASE STRESS OF GROUP. LEARN HOW TO DECREASE STRESS OF GROUP. WHEN TO STOP DISCUSSION AND REFFER STUDENTS FOR MORE TEXT SEARCH. WHEN TO STOP DISCUSSION AND REFFER STUDENTS FOR MORE TEXT SEARCH. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT OPINIONS AND OPENLY DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS THAT NEED TO BE ADRESSED BY GROUP. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT OPINIONS AND OPENLY DISCUSS THE QUESTIONS THAT NEED TO BE ADRESSED BY GROUP. MAKE THE GROUP TO PRODUCE PERSUMPTIONS AND ASK THEM ABOUT THE INFORMATION THAT THEY NEED. MAKE THE GROUP TO PRODUCE PERSUMPTIONS AND ASK THEM ABOUT THE INFORMATION THAT THEY NEED. WANT STUDENTS TO JUDJE THEMSELVES ABOAT THE IMPROPER ANSWERS OR PERSUMPTIONS. WANT STUDENTS TO JUDJE THEMSELVES ABOAT THE IMPROPER ANSWERS OR PERSUMPTIONS.

6/14/2016DAVIS.HARDEN. AMEE GUIDE.1999 TUTOR SUPPORT EXTENT OF NECESSARY FACITATION EXTENT OF NECESSARY FACITATION INTERNAL SUPPORT BY STUDENT GROUP EXTERNAL SUPPORT BY TUTOR

6/14/2016HLA YEE YEE ET ALL. MEDICAL TEACHER 2006 GOOD TUTOR MAKE AND BREAK A SESSION PROPERLY. MAKE AND BREAK A SESSION PROPERLY. MOTIVATE THE STUDENTS MOTIVATE THE STUDENTS APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS PROMOTE ALIVE DISCUSSION APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS PROMOTE ALIVE DISCUSSION MEDICALLY QUALIFIED TUTORS ARE PREFFERED BY STUDENTS BECAUSE THEY ARE BETTER GUIDANCE. MEDICALLY QUALIFIED TUTORS ARE PREFFERED BY STUDENTS BECAUSE THEY ARE BETTER GUIDANCE. SOME STUDENTS DO NOT UNDERESTAND THE PBL AND EXPECT SPOON FEEDING AND EXAM ORIENTED TEACHING SOME STUDENTS DO NOT UNDERESTAND THE PBL AND EXPECT SPOON FEEDING AND EXAM ORIENTED TEACHING

6/14/2016 FACILITATOR NOT INFORMATION LOADER!

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√ TUTOR SHOULD BE EXPERT IN MEDICAL ETHICS √ TUTOR SHOULD HAVE MEDICALTRAINING √ TUTOR SHOULD BE A MENTOR WITH GOOD NAME AND RESPECT IN PRACTICE