Biology STAAR Review

Cell A Cell B Identify the Prokaryote & the Eukaryote cell. What are 2 main differences between them? Eukaryotes: 1) have true nucleus 2) are more complex – have membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryote Both Eukaryote No nucleusNucleusCytoplasm OrganellesCapsule Complex DNA Bacteria Ribosomes Cell Membrane Plants Animals Pili Multicellular Smaller

Identify plant & animal cell. List 3 things only plant cells have: 1.Cell wall – rigid shape 2.Chloroplast 3.Large Central Vacuole Cell ACell B

Cell Parts Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome Vesicle Rough ER Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Plasma (Cell) Membrane Smooth ER Mitochondria Centriole Vacuole Lysosome Cytoplasm

Plants only Central Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplast

Organelles - function Use document camera ORGANELLEFUNCTION Plant, animal cell, or both Prokar yote Eukar yote Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplast Ribosomes Rough E.R. Lysosome Vacuole Cytoplasm

Viruses Have genetic material: DNA or RNA Have weird shapes Cause illness/disease ? Can we use antibiotics to cure? What medical intervention is used against viruses? Not considered living cells. Why? Can’t reproduce without host cell Vaccines No Cold, flu, measles, polio, AIDS, rabies, Ebola, West Nile

Viral Reproduction Lytic Short time Replicates Then ruptures host cell Ex. Flu

Viral Reproduction Lysogenic Long term Insert DNA/RNA in host Go dormant Can enter lytic cycle years later Ex. Cold sores

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Prokaryote Bacteria No nucleus capsule

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Plant Nucleus Organelles, other than ribosomes

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Virus Weird shape

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Prokaryote Bacteria No Nucleus No membrane bound organelles Simple

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Nucleus Complex Organelles

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Virus Weird shape

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Nucleus Complex Organelles

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Prokaryote Bacteria No Nucleus No membrane bound organelles Simple

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Virus Weird shape

Prokaryote, Eukaryote or Virus? Eukaryote Plant Nucleus Organelles, other than ribosomes

Biomolecules Carbohydrates: C, H, O - 1:2:1 ratio Short term energy C 6 H 12 O 6 C3H6O3C3H6O3

Biomolecules Lipids (Fats): C, H, O Head with tail Long term energy Cell membrane

Biomolecules Proteins C, H, O, N Chains of amino acids Critical for cell function Structure Enzymes Hormones

Biomolecules Nucleic Acids C, H, O, N, P Strands of nucleotides: phosphate-sugar-base Store & transmit genetic info DNA & RNA

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Protein N present

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Carbohydrate Ring shape Only C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio C-6, H-12, O-6

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Protein N present

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Nucleic acid P present Nucleotide: Nitrogen base Phosphate Sugar = Ribose Which one? RNA

Which biomolecule is this? How do you know? Lipid or Fat Head & tail

Homeostasis Homo = same Stasis = stay Homeostasis = stay the same Means _balance__ needed for life How is Homostasis maintained? _transport_ molecules across __cell__ membrane

Passive Transport – Energy __not needed__ Diffusion Movement of particles to equalize (balance) concentration

Passive Transport – Energy __not needed__ Osmosis Movement of _water_ to equalize (balance) concentration

Active Transport – Energy __ needed__ Movement of particles against_ the concentration gradient Hypertonic = high concentration, Hypotonic = _low_ conc, Isotonic = equal concentration Naturally move from area with _high_ concentration to area with _low_ concentration

No energy required Energy required

_osmosis_ - water movement Water follows salt Water is going to move in direction to equalize or balance Low Hi Equal

_________tonic __________tonic hyper hypo Passive Transport: Movement Direction Active Transport: Movement Direction No energy needed Happens naturally Osmosis Diffusion Energy needed Move against natural tendency to spread out Pump Make more concentrated

What does homeostasis mean? Stay the same Why is this important for the cell Maintain balance needed to live