Avogadro’s Number and Molar Conversions Mole: the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number.

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Presentation transcript:

Avogadro’s Number and Molar Conversions Mole: the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of atoms of carbon in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12

Avogadro’s number × 1023, the number of atoms or molecules(or anything) in mol

The Mole Is a Counting Unit Converting Between Amount in Moles and Number of Particles X moles ( x / 1 mol) = # particles of anything X particles ( 1 mol / x particles) = # moles

Molar Mass Relates Moles to Grams X particles( 1mol/6.022 x particles)(molar mass/ 1 mol) = Y mass X mass( x particles/molar mass)(1 mol/ #particles) = Y mol

Relative Atomic Mass and Chemical Formulas Use a periodic table or isotopic composition data to determine the average atomic masses of elements. Infer information about a compound from its chemical formula. Determine the molar mass of a compound from its formula.

Average Atomic Mass and the Periodic Table Most Elements Are Mixtures of Isotopes The periodic table reports relative atomic mass a weighted average of the atomic mass of an element’s isotopes. i.e. while the atomic mass of a carbon-12 atom is exactly 12 amu, any carbon sample will include enough carbon-13 atoms that the average mass of a carbon atom is amu

Calculate the average atomic mass for gallium if 60.00% of its atoms have a mass of amu and 40.00% have a mass of amu. (.60 x amu) + (.40 x amu) = relative atomic mass

Chemical Formulas and Moles Formulas Express Composition

Hexachloroethane

formula C 2 Cl 6 Draw it Formulas for covalent compounds show both the elements and the number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Ionic compounds aren’t found as molecules, so their formulas do not show numbers of atoms. Instead, the formula shows the simplest ratio of cations and anions. CaCl 2 NaBr

Formulas Give Ratios of Polyatomic Ions the formula KNO 3 indicates a ratio of one K + cation to one NO 3 − anion.

Formulas Are Used to Calculate Molar Masses For example, the molar mass of Br 2 molecules is two times the molar mass of Br atoms (2 × g/mol = g/mol). Hexachloroethane g/mol = ?