IF IT AIN’T BAROQUE, DON’T FIX IT… BAROQUE

Fun Board list Rome became birthplace of Baroque art Challenging papal commissions- patronage of Catholic Church Created new style- advanced techniques of Renaissance with emotion, drama and intensity of Mannerism Art into everyday life Baroque- sometimes derogatorily used to mean overwrought and ostentatious BUT… exuberant and festive- INVOLVING THE VIEWER!

BAROQUE Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) first giant of Baroque Rebel, death at 37 running from law Solely focused on painting Common, earthly settings (NR) Churches refused some commissions Extreme naturalism, intense value, hard edged painting style (opposite?) Down and dirty “evil genius” and “anti-Christ of painting” Gypsy off street as opposed to Classical Greek

BAROQUE Caravaggio The Supper at Emmaus 1610 Oil on canvas National Gallery, London

Caravaggio Deposition 1602 Oil on canvas Vatican Museum Tenebrism/ tenebroso- dark style, severe contrasts No background- spotlight- focus

Caravaggio Calling of Saint Matthew Oil of canvas Contarelli Chapel San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome Transformation Clothes- Tribute Money Environment- Caravaggio

BAROQUE Gianlorenzo Bernini Renaissance man- painter, sculptor, architect, stage designer, dramatist, composer Imprint on St Peter’s in Rome- piazza and colonnade Tour

Bernini Ecstasy of Saint Theresa Marble Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome It pleased our Lord that I would sometimes see this vision: very close to me, on my left, an angel appeared in human form... In his hands I saw a golden spear and at the end of the iron tip I seemed to see a point of fire. With this he seemed to pierce my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. When he drew it out, I thought he was drawing them out with it, and he left me utterly consumed by the great love of God. "The pain was so sharp that it made me utter several moans; and so excessive was the sweetness caused me by this intense pain that one can never wish it to cease, nor will one's soul be content with anything less than God.“

BAROQUE Bernini David 1623 Marble Galleria Borghese, Rome expressive Dramatic Energetic How does it involve viewer?

BAROQUE Artemisia Gentileschi Judith and Holofernes Oil on canvas Uffizi Raped at 19 by tutor Tortured to recant Menace and terror

Artemisia Gentileschi Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes 1625 Oil on canvas Detroit Institute of Arts

FRENCH BAROQUE 17 th century- most powerful country in Europe Paris- take over center of art world (til after WWII- NY) 72 yr reign of Sun King- Louis XIV Art/ architecture glorified King instead of Church More rational and balanced Baroque Style of Louis XIV instead of French Baroque

BAROQUE Georges de la Tour Influenced by Caravaggio Only 40 or so paintings Forms simple yet so monumental

BAROQUE Georges de la Tour Magdalen with the Smoking Flame Oil on canvas LA County MoA

BAROQUE Georges de la Tour Joseph the Carpenter 1645 Oil on canvas Louvre

BAROQUE Nicolas Poussin Based paintings on antiquity, classical rationalism Lost commission from Louis XIII, no soaring saints La maniera magnifica- grand manner Subject and narrative be grandiose, shun low subjects How do you think he felt about Caravaggio?

Nicolas Poussin Landscape with Saint John on Patmos 1640 Oil on canvas Art Inst. Of Chicago

Nicolas Poussin Et in Arcadia Ego Oil on canvas Louvre

BAROQUE Claude Lorrain Known as Claude Drawn to Italy- stayed Countryside- hated painting people, paid others nature itself, light of dawn and dusk Large trees framing piece, spacious sunlit countrysides

Claude The Marriage of Isaac and Rebecca (The Mill) 1648 Oil on canvas Natl Gallery, London

BAROQUE Versailles Sun King- why? Sun God Throwback to Classical Greek and Roman prestige Inside- crazy ornate

FLEMISH BAROQUE Southern Netherlands- Flanders later Belgium Incentive to produce religious paintings- remained Catholic after Reformation Peter Paul Rubens- outgoing, classically educated, handsome, well traveled, multilingual, able to multitask very well 2000 plus paintings Swamped with commissions, even w/ assistants

Peter Paul Rubens The Descent from the Cross 1612 Oil on canvas Antwerp Cathedral

Peter Paul Rubens The Presentation of the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici, c oil on canvas Louvre

Sir Anthony van Dyke Charles 1 at the Hunt 1635 oil on canvas Louvre

DUTCH BAROQUE Shared borders, little else, lots different Flanders- Catholic Church and monarchy Holland (Netherlands)- independent, Protestant Butchers, bakers, etc bought paintings to decorate shops, art for general public +500 still life alone Style- realistic, subject matter- commonplace

Frans Hals Yonker Ramp and His Sweetheart 1627 oil on canvas Met

Judith Leyster Self Portrait 1630 oil on canvas Nat’l Gallery DC

Rachel Ruysch Flower Still Life 1782 Oil on canvas Academy Vienna

Rembrandt van Rijn The Nightwatch 1642 Oil on canvas Rijksmuseu m, Amsterdam

Rembrandt The Mill 1650 Oil on canvas Nat’l Gallery DC

Johannes Vermeer The Kitchenmaid 1658 Oil on canvas Rijksmuseum

Johannes Vermeer Allegory of the Art of Painting Oil on panel Vienna

SPANISH BAROQUE 18- qualified as a master painter 24- court painter to Philip IV 30 yrs painting royal court Art world- worlds greatest painting Symbolism, forms through color and light rather than lines

Diego (Rodriguez de Silva y)Velazquez Las Meninas Oil on canvas, 1656 Prado

ENGLISH BAROQUE Upheaval in England- Charles 1losing head, Cromwell destroying church art, Parliament seizing power Era of extraordinary literature- Shakespeare, Donne, Milton Visual arts lacking Religious- forbidden, mythology- never caught on Limited to portraiture Enter art as social commentary, and of course, the good ol portrait

William Hogarth Breakfast Scene 1745 Oil on canvas NG London

Sir Joshua Reynolds Jane, Countess of Harrington 1777 Oil on canvas San Marino, CA

Thomas Gainsborough Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 1785 Oil on panel Nat Gal, DC