CodeClass 1 Course Title Interpretation of Reflection data & petroleum Exploration Credit Lecturer Kim, Ki Young Rm NS3-303 Office Hour By appointment Phone Evaluation Mid-term exam 30%, Final exam 30%, Reports 30%, Attendance 6%, Others 4% Attendance Junior & Senior Type Major elective Aims & Outline After basic principles, data acquisition, and processing of the seismic refection method are covered, correlation to well data, both structural and stratigraphic interpretations, and prediction of physical properties using seismic data will be discussed. All students will practice interpreting seismic data using professional software and real 3-D seismic data sets. All lectures and lab sessions will be given in English. Procedure Lectures and lab sessions will be offered separately for two hours a week. During the lectures, core knowledge for oil and gas exploration will be covered. During the computer lab, students will use professional software (SeisEarth, Skua, and/or Kingdom) that is currently used in oil and gas business globally. Textbook & References Textbook: An Introduction to Seismic Interpretation, 2010, by Bruse S. Hart (AAPG Discovery Series n. 16) References: First steps in seismic interpretation, 2011, by Donald A. Herron (SEG Geophysical Monograph Series n. 16) Interpretation of three-dimensional seismic data, 2011, Alistair Brown, (AAPG Memoir 42, AAPG; SEG Investigations in Geophysics, n. 9) Prerequisite Basic knowledge on Seismic Exploration, Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Expectation For students to be able to conduct professional tasks in oil and gas exploration through learning essential theory and acquiring practical skills Syllabus - 1/2

Week ContentsRangesRef 1 IntroductionChap. 1 (Sec. 1-5)p Principles of the Seismic Method (1)Chap. 2 (Sec. 1-3)p Principles of the Seismic Method (2)Chap. 2 (Sec. 4-6)p Data Acquisition and Processing (1)Chap. 3 (Sec. 1-4)p Data Acquisition and Processing (2)Chap. 3 (Sec. 5-8)p Data DisplayChap. 4 (Sec. 1-6)p Review & Mid-term Exam 8 Tying in Well DataChap. 5 (Sec. 1-7)p Structural Interpretation (1)Chap. 6 (Sec. 1-3)p Structural Interpretation (2)Chap. 6 (Sec. 4-7)p Stratigraphic Interpretation (1)Chap. 7 (Sec. 1-2)p Stratigraphic Interpretation (2)Chap. 7 (Sec. 3-5)p Predicting Physical Properties (1)Chap. 8 (Sec. 1-4)p Predicting Physical Properties (2)Chap. 8 (Sec. 5-8)p Final Exam Syllabus - 2/2

Introduction Lecture 1

1. Purpose To explain how active-source reflection seismic surveying is used to study the Earth’s interior Terminology:  Seismology (passive- & active-source seismology)  Surface vs. Borehole seismic data (Chap. 5)  Reflection vs. Refraction seismic survey

1. Purpose To explain how active-source reflection seismic surveying is used to study the Earth’s interior Terminology: seismology (passive- & active-source seismology) Surface vs. borehole seismic data (Chap. 5) Reflection vs. refraction seismic survey

1. Purpose Problems with seismic interpretation: uncontrollable, extremely variable

2. Definition Applied mainly to find and exploit hydrocarbon accumulations but also to exploit and develop mining (esp. coal mining), image deep crust structure,

2. Definition plan ocean drilling, research on structural and sedimentology geology, civil engineering,

2. Definition study thermohaline structure, map aquifers, etc.

2. Definition Three main objective topics: 1.Subsurface structure – looking for faults, folds, igneous intrusion, etc. (Chap. 6) 2.Subsurface stratigraphy – reservoirs, seals, aquifers, aquitards, etc. (Chap. 7) 3.Subsurface physical properties – porosity, pore fluids, pressure, etc. (Chap. 8)

2. Definition Geologic Interpretation Problem-Based on fundamental principle of geology:  uniformitarianism,  original horizontality,  superposition,  cross-cutting relationship

Unknowns on seismic data alone: lithology (  core samples, seismic velocities) Absolute age (  fossils, ash beds) Origin of the erosion surface (  3D seismic data) Thickness (  seismic velocities) Need to integrated with other data types to reduce ambiguity 2. Definition

Defining the Purpose of the Interpretation varies from project to project  Needs to have working knowledge of sedimentary geology 2. Definition

To recognize stratigraphic and structural features not detected using seismic data and to associate reflection patterns to geologic features 2. Definition

3. Seismic Interpreter Geophysicists – pay finder Geologists – play finder

4. A generalized seismic interpretation workflow