CIRCULATION AND BLOOD VESSELS Chapter 14

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. CARDIOPULMONARY CIRCULATION Functions of circulation –Nutrients, oxygen, water, and secretions brought to tissues and back to heart –Carries wastes and carbon dioxide away from tissues –Equalizes body temperature –Aids in protecting body from bacteria

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION Coronary Circulation –Brings oxygenated blood to the heart muscle –Two branches encircle heart muscle Left and right coronary arteries Portal Circulation –General circulation throughout body

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION Fetal circulation –Blood flowing into fetus may follow two paths: Foramen ovale permits blood to flow from right to left atrium Ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow from pulmonary artery to aorta

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BLOOD VESSELS Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from heart to the capillaries Capillaries - smallest blood vessels that have extremely thin walls to allow substances to pass to surrounding cells and tissues Veins - carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to heart

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. BLOOD PRESSURE Systolic blood pressure is the pressure created on artery walls when the heart pumps blood into the arteries Diastolic pressure is the lessened force of blood measured when the ventricles relax

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. PULSE Pulse - alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. PULSE Pulse is taken at seven locations: –Brachial artery –Common cartoid artery –Femoral artery –Dorsalis pedis artery –Popliteal artery –Radial artery –Temporal artery

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. CONGENITAL HEART DEFFECTS Occur when there is a malformation of the heart during fetal development Cyanosis - bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membrane

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. DISORDERS OF BLOOD VESSELS Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Gangrene Phlebitis Embolism Varicose veins Hemorrhoids Cerebral hemorrhage Peripheral vascular disease Hypertension Hypotension Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)