A.Stamen B.Carpel C.Peduncle

A.Stamen B.Carpel C.Peduncle

Flower Structure

If flowers can have male & female parts, can they self-pollinate? Flowers can self-pollinate OR cross-pollinate.

Plant Reproduction

Alternation of Generations All plants undergo a life cycle that takes them through both haploid & diploid generations. Haploid cells have only 1 copy of each chromosome (n). Diploid cells have 2 copies of each chromosome (2n).

Alternation of Generations Plants have 2 reproductive life cycles: – Diploid Sporophyte Generation – Haploid Gametophyte Generation

Haploid & Diploid Generations Our human bodies undergo meiosis to create gametes. Once an egg is fertilized, it undergoes mitosis for the baby to grow & develop.

Sporophyte & Gametophyte Generations Plants undergo the haploid gametophyte generation to create gametes. Once fertilization occurs, the plant switches to the diploid sporophyte generation to grow.

Diploid (2N) Sporophyte Generation Familiar, recognizable form of a plant Develops from a zygote Cell division through mitosis

Haploid (N) Gametophyte Generation Gamete cells created from meiosis Sperm & egg cells – Pollen & ovules

The actual plant that you think of is the sporophyte (2n). The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce the gametophyte (n). The male gametophyte is pollen & the female gametophyte is the ovule. The gametophytes (pollen & ovule) produce gametes (sperm & egg). When gametes fuse, a new sporophyte will develop.

Gametophytes (n) Gymnosperms: found in cones – Pollen forms in the male pollen cones. – Ovules form in the female seed cones. Angiosperms: found in the flower – Anthers produce pollen & ovules form in the ovary.

Pollination Process in which pollen is spread Plants can be self-pollinated or cross-pollinated. – Wind, insects, & animals can all help pollinate. The flower of an angiosperm helps attract birds & insects.

Fertilization Process where sperm from the pollen combines with an ovule

Double Fertilization 2 fertilizations occur in angiosperms (flowering plants): – 1 sperm fuses with an ovule to produce a diploid zygote (plant embryo). – Another sperm fuses with 2 polar nuclei (formed from meiosis in the ovary) to produce the endosperm.

Double Fertilization 1 st fertilization: 1 sperm combines with 1 egg = zygote (now 2n) 2 nd fertilization: 2 eggs have fused together in the ovary (making them diploid) A second sperm will fuse with these (making it triploid, or 3n) – This becomes the endosperm.

Anatomy of a Seed Endosperm: food source for the plant embryo Cotyledon: seed leaf of plant embryo (will become the first leaves) Seed Coat: protection

What is the function of the endosperm in a fertilized ovule? A.Protect the seed from high temperatures. B.Become the leaves of the plant. C.Provide a food source for the seed. D.Protect the seed from drought.

Fruits Ripened ovary that contains angiosperm seeds The ovary wall surrounding the fruit may be fleshy (like a grape) or tough (like a bean pod). Video

Vegetables Other edible parts of a plant, like the roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, or flower parts The part of the carrot that you eat is the root of the plant.

Plant Reproduction In your groups, put the cards in the correct sequence of plant reproduction.