Anaerobic Respiration

Key Concepts What happens if your body cannot supply enough oxygen to sustain cellular respiration?

If oxygen is available, cells use aerobic respiration to produce ATP. If no oxygen is available, cells can obtain energy through the process of anaerobic respiration.

Key Concepts What happens if your body cannot supply enough oxygen to sustain cellular respiration?

Key Concepts What happens if your body cannot supply enough oxygen to sustain cellular respiration? Cells switch from cellular respiration to fermentation – Fermentation does not require oxygen – Fermentation still supplies energy, but isn’t as efficient as cellular respiration

Fermentation produces a small amount of ATP without requiring oxygen.

There are two primary fermentation processes: 1.Lactic Acid Fermentation 2.Alcohol Fermentation

There are two primary fermentation processes: 1.Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose--> pyruvate--> lactic acid + energy 2.Alcohol Fermentation Glucose-->pyruvate-->alcohol + CO2 + energy

-During rapid and vigorous exercise, muscle cells may be depleted of oxygen faster than the lungs can provide it. -Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscles when oxygen is not available.

In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate formed by glycolysis is broken down to lactic acid. This process releases energy in the form of ATP. Glucose → Pyruvic acid → Lactic acid + energy

The process of lactic acid fermentation replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can have a continual source of energy, even in the absence of oxygen. However this shift is only temporary and cells need oxygen for sustained activity.

Lactic acid that builds up in the tissue is what causes the burning, painful sensation during exercise.

Alcohol fermentation occurs in yeasts and some bacteria. Pyruvate formed during glycolysis is broken down to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. As a result, ATP is made.

Glucose → Pyruvate→ alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy

Fermentation is used in food production. –Yogurt- Soy Sauce –Cheese- Vinegar –Bread- Olives/Pickles –Beer- Wine –Sauerkraut

Key Concepts What is the purpose of aerobic respiration? What is the purpose of anaerobic respiration? What are the two types of anaerobic respiration? Describe a situation that would require human cells to use anaerobic respiration. What are the advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic respiration?