Do Now: What are some important science skills (not topics) that you learned how to do this year in class? The practical – This Thursday in class!! Your Final counts for 8% of your overall grade Practical Review!! The practical will count for 25% of your Final Test Make Ups?

Topics Covered on the Practical 1.The Scientific Method -Hypothesis, Manipulated (Independent) Variable, Responding (Dependent) Variable, Controlled Variables, a control for an experiment 2.Graphing (Distance vs. Time) -Determining speed, faster speed, slower speed, and rest 3.Measuring Density (m/v) -Volume by displacement (graduated cylinder) or by multiplying L x W x H (using a ruler) -Mass using a triple beam balance 4.Math Equations (formulas will be provided) -Speed, Velocity, Acceleration, Momentum, Force, Work (input and output), Power, Ideal and Actual Mechanical Advantage, Efficiency, Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE), Kinetic Energy

6/19 Final Exam Topics 1.Multiple Choice a.Introductory Topics -The Scientific Method, Observation vs. Inference, Scientific Tools b.Chemistry (all topics from the year) c.Physics (all topics from the year) 2.Metric Conversion questions 3.Short Answer Questions (you will choose two questions to answer from 4 possible options) Use your notes and the notes posted on my teacher page to help you prepare!

The Scientific Method is a way of problem solving Steps of the Scientific Method 1) State the problem (objective) 2)Gather the information on the problem 3)Form a hypothesis (educated prediction) 4)Perform an experiment (test) 5)Observe the results 6)Record and analyze your data 7)State a conclusion 8)Repeat the work (if necessary) Hypothesis Hypothesis is not supported

What makes a good hypothesis? 1)It answers only 1 problem 2)It can be tested 3)If possible, it is written in an “If/Then” format What makes a good experiment? 1)A good experiment matches your hypothesis 2)Has only 1 manipulated variable

Variables and Controls Factor- anything in the experiment that can change the outcome of the experiment a)Independent variable- the factor in an experiment that you change (also called the manipulated or changed variable) b) Dependant (responding) variable- the factor(s) that change in an experiment when the independent variable changes c)Controlled variables- the factors that do not change in the experiment d) The Control Group or “Control”- is an extra experimental setup that is used for comparison and usually has no manipulated variable

EXAMPLE: A student wants to see how different amounts of sunlight will affect the growth rate of one type of plant. He put 3 plants in the same soil and the same type of pot and gave them the same amount of water over a month. He allowed one plant to get 3 hours of sunlight a day, another plant to get 6 hours of sunlight a day and the last plant to get 9 hours of sunlight a day. 1)What is the independent (manipulated) variable? 2)What is the dependant (responding) variable? 3)What are the controlled factors? 4)What would be a controlled set up?

Volume: The amount of space an object occupies Metric Units: L (Liter) or m³ (meters cubed) 1 mL = 1 cm³ Tools: Graduated Cylinder or Ruler Volume of a regular 3D Shape = L X W X H

4 cm (Width) 5 cm (Length) 6 cm (Height) What is the volume of this rubik’s cube?

You read a meniscus at eye level and you measure at the bottom of the meniscus Open Volume Video Clip

Do anyone know the difference between Mass and Weight? Mass: The amount of matter in an object Metric Unit: Gram (g) Tools: Balance *Matter is anything taking up space (air, people, water, etc.) Weight: Measure of Earth’s gravitational Pull on an object Units: Newton (N) or Pound (lb) Tools: Spring Scale *The larger the mass, the more gravitational pull on an object

Demo: Using a Triple Beam Balance to find Mass Open Weight vs. Mass Video Clip

Measuring Mass – Triple-Beam Balance 1 st – Place the film canister on the scale. 2 nd – Slide the large weight to the right until the arm drops below the line. Move the rider back one groove. Make sure it “locks” into place. 3 rd – Repeat this process with the top weight. When the arm moves below the line, back it up one groove. 4 th – Slide the small weight on the front beam until the lines match up. 5 th – Add the amounts on each beam for the total mass to the nearest tenth of a gram.

Density: The amount of matter contained in a certain space D = Mass/Volume Units: g/mL (liquids) or g/cm³ (solids) Density of Water (H₂O) = 1 g/mL *Anything with a lower density floats! *Anything with a higher density sinks! Example – What is the density of a material that has a volume of 10 cm³ and a mass of 5 g? Will the object float in water? Measuring Density Video Clip

D = M/V M = D X V V = M/D Let’s do some examples! Take a calculator Amazing 9 Layer Density Tower