Today… Get out… Pencil Catastrophic Events Map The Plan… Review Volcanoes and Earth History Homework: Study for test

AB Review 1 Made by magma pushing up and cooling before if breaks the surface Made by lava running over the land and piling up

Destructive effects of volcanoesConstructive effects of volcanoes 4. Lahars – floods of mud rock and debris - can destroy homes and property 5. It can cause earthquakes 7. Lava flows can damage homes and property 8. Pyroclastic flows – clouds rock and hot gas – can destroy whole ecosystems 9. They can cause a tsunami 10.They can cause lightning storms 11. The ash can cool the atmosphere, contaminate water and suffocate people 1 Hot springs for recreation 2. Heat can create geothermal heat for homes 3. Geothermal energy can provide heat to grow food 4. Thermal energy can provide electricity 5. Beautiful Landscapes 6. Ash enriches soil 7. Can positively affect the composition of the atmosphere and ocean 8. Floods help to create beaches Review 2

Review 3 What is the difference between a lahar and a pyroclastic flow? What type of volcano would cause both? A lahar is a flood of water, mud and debris A pyroclastic flow is a hot cloud of rock particles, ash and gas that flows up to 100 mph A composite volcano would have both

Review 4 – Identify the volcanoes and tell where they are found Composite/Strato Volcanoes – Mostly near subduction zones Shield Volcano – Where plates diverge - “rifts” – Hot spots Cinder Cone – On the sides, or near, composite and shield volcanoes

5. How do the characteristics of these volcanoes compare? Viscosity: Gas content: Eruption: High Explosive Viscosity: Gas content: Eruption: Low Lava flows

6. Describe the difference between an extinct volcano and a dormant volcano Extinct: not erupting and not likely to erupt again Dormant: not erupting and likely to erupt again

7. Types of igneous rocks Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks – Intrusive igneous rocks cool underground and have large crystals – Extrusive igneous rocks cool on the surface and have small crystals

8. Describe how igneous rock could become sedimentary rock. Igneous rock cools from being hot magma and over lots of years is weathered into small pieces. Those pieces are eventually compacted and cemented together into sedimentary rock.

9. Fill in the rock cycle Magma Cooling Igneous Weathering and erosion Compacting cementing, layering Sedimentary Rock Heat and pressure Metamorphic Rock Melting

10. What are three ways life has affected the history earth? Photosynthesizing bacteria created oxygen New rocks were formed – Coral – Limestone – Coal Rocks are weathered by plants

11. How do they find ages of fossils? Superposition – The placement in the layers tells us relative age Actual age is through the chemical composition

Review - 12 What caused this? What effects could it have had? – An impact from a space object caused the crater to form – It changed the landscape by creating the crater and could have caused a change in biodiversity (life).

“I can… ” Test is Thursday Study: – Knowledge Map items: – “I can’s…”: All Volcanoes and Earth History

Today: Test Day Plate boundaries map Moon observations Have a pencil ready Shields go to Person 1 and 3 Any last minute questions? When done quietly: Read Do other homework Do squiggle

Learning Check #20 Have Your Graph Out