ISLAMIC STUDIES PRESENTATION GROUP MEMBERS: ZAINAB EJAZ MISHAL FATIMA SOBIA QAISER QIRAT ASHFAQ SHEEMA AZHAR RIMSHA KHAN

HAJJ

HAJJ: Literal meaning “Hajj” is an Arabic word. The literal meanings of word Hajj are: to intend a journey to set out towards a definite objective to intend or plan for

HAJJ: Terminological meaning In terminological meaning hajj is a journey that connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions. In Islamic law it means to set out for the Ka'ba, and to fulfill the pilgrimage rites.

HAJJ: History Kaba was first constructed by the angels when ALLAH ALMIGHTY made Hazrat Adam a.s. Then ordered his angels to build his home on earth where his creation can perform hajj and then hajj started. Hajj, was instituted by the prophet Ibrahim to serve as the focal meeting place for all believers in the One God.    

HAJJ: A Pillar of Islam Fifth and final pillar of Islam. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, Islam is based on five (pillars), testifying the fact that La ilaha illallah wa anna Muhammad-ar-Rasul-ullah [there is no true god except Allah, and Muhammad ((PBUH)) is the Messenger of Allah], establishing As-Salat (the prayers), paying Zakat (poor due), the pilgrimage to the House [of Allah (Ka`bah)], and the Saum (fasting) during the month of Ramadan.'' [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].

HAJJ: An Obligation Hajj was declared compulsory in 9 A.H. It is a mandatory obligation. The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar. Hajj is compulsory only once in a lifetime, by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence.

The Rituals of the Hajj Hajj – known as the Greater Pilgrimage Two pilgrimages to Mecca: Hajj – known as the Greater Pilgrimage Umra – the lesser pilgrimage Hajj can between the 8th and the 13th of Dhu al-Hijja only while Umra can be taken place at any time Umra involves rituals: tawaf, sa’i, pray, drink Zamzam water Hajj begins with the same rituals on day one, and continues with visits

WAYS OF PERFORMING HAJJ There are three Ways of Performing Hajj: Hajj al-Tamattu (Interrupted) This is the easiest way of performing Hajj as described. Hajj al-Ifrad (Combined) Entering into ihram for both Umrah and Hajj at the same time Not taking it off until the day of sacrifice at Mina Stick to the long-lasting restrictions of Ihram. Hajj al-Qiran (Single) Entering into ihram only for the Hajj Taking it off only on the day of sacrifice

FIRST DAY OF HAJJ: 10TH DHU AL-HIJJAH The pilgrims are reminded of their duties Ihram garments Confirm their intentions for the pilgrimage Mina: After the morning prayer, proceed to Mina spend the whole day and offer prayers after next morning prayer, they leave Mina for Arafat

SECOND DAY OF HAJJ: 10TH DHU AL-HIJJAH Arafat: A barren and plain land some 20 kilometers east of Mecca Pilgrims offer supplications, seek mercy of God Wuquf known as 'standing before God‘ At Masjid al-Namirah, offer prayers together at noon time Invalid Hajj if afternoon not spend on Arafat Muzdalifah: After sunset without praying maghrib (evening) prayer An area between Arafat and Mina where Maghrib and Isha prayer performed jointly Spend the night praying and sleeping and gather pebbles for the next day's ritual

THIRD DAY OF HAJJ: 10TH DHU AL-HIJJAH Ramy al-Jamarat: Back at Mina, the pilgrims throw seven stones at only the largest of the three pillars, known as Jamrat al-Aqabah Remaining two pillars (jamarah) are not stoned Pilgrims climb ramps to the multi-levelled Jamaraat Bridge Animal sacrifice: Animals are slaughtered to commemorate the story of Abraham and Ishmael Modern abattoirs complete the processing of the meat Muslims worldwide perform a three day global festival called Eid al-Adha

CONTINUE… Hair removal: Tawaf Al-Ifaadah: Shaving head or trimming hair (known as Halak) Tawaf Al-Ifaadah: Pilgrims re-visit the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Mecca for another tawaf, known as Tawaf al-Ifadah Symbolizes being in a hurry to respond to God and show love for Him, an obligatory part of the Hajj Night of 10th is spent back at Mina

FIFTH DAY OF HAJJ: 12th DHU AL-HIJJAH At noon, the pilgrims again throw seven pebbles at each of the three pillars in Mina Commonly known as the "Stoning of the Devil".

FIFTH DAY OF HAJJ: 12th DHU AL-HIJJAH The same process of stoning of the pillars takes place Pilgrims must leave Mina for Mecca before sunset on the 12th If not then perform the stoning ritual again on the 13th before returning to Mecca Tawaf al-Wida: Pilgrims perform a farewell tawaf called the Tawaf al-Wida circle the ka'ba seven times counter-clockwise Journey to Medina: Travel to the city of Medina and the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet), which contains Muhammad's tomb The Quba Mosque and Masjid al-Qiblatain

SIGNIFICANCE OF HAJJ Religious as well as Social significance. Opportunity of self-renewal Reminder of the Day of Judgment Unites the Muslims(symbol of equality) "Jihad"

SIGNIFICANCE OF HAJJ(continues) Reward is paradise Peace for Haji in this world and absolution in the hereafter. Who dies in the way, will not be made to on the Judgment Day The Divine Law

STRENGHTENING IN FAITH Affirm commitment to Allah The recognition of the Oneness of the Almighty Sense of belonging Sense of spiritual rebirth

IMPORTANCE OF HAJJ IN LIGHT OF QURAN Verse 27 And proclaim to the people the Hajj [pilgrimage]; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass -

Verse 29 Then let them end their untidiness and fulfill their vows and perform Tawaf around the ancient House." Verse 53 [That is] so He may make what Satan throws in a trial for those within whose hearts is disease and those hard of heart. And indeed, the wrongdoers are in extreme dissension.

Verse 96 To hunt and to eat the fish of the sea is made lawful for you, a provision for you and for seafarers; but to hunt on land is forbidden you so long as you are on the pilgrimage. Be mindful of your duty to Allah, unto Whom you will be gathered.

IMPORTANCE OF HAJJ IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) has said, "By Allah, by Allah, keep the House of your Lord in mind. Do not disregard it as long as you remain (alive) because surely if it is ignored, then He shall not look towards you (with His Mercy).

It has been narrated from al-Baqir [Imam Muhammad Ibn Ali] (peace be upon him) that: "As long as a person is looking at the Kaaba, good deeds will be written (in his record) and one's evil deeds will be erased until one turns away one's glance (from the Kaaba)."

ZAKAT

ZAKAT: Literal meaning “Zakat” is an Arabic word. The literal meanings of word Zakat are: Purification Blessings

ZAKAT: Terminological meaning Zakat refers to wealth that has satisfied certain conditions Given to rightful recipients , who also have to satisfy certain conditions.

ZAKAT Types: In principle, there are 2 types of Zakat: Zakat-ul maal To which wealth or properties are subject . Zakat-ul fitra Which is levied on person and not on wealth.

ZAKAT: Importance In the words of Allah Ta'ala: "Allah destroys wealth obtained from interest and will increase deeds of charity(Zakat)." (Baqarah 276) In the words of the Holly Prophet (S.A.W): "Riches (i.e. Zakah) should be taken from the rich and returned to the poor."

ZAKAT History Zakat Before the Advent of Islam: It is evident from the Qur’an that like Salaah its directive always existed in the Shari’ah of the previous Prophets. Example From Quran: Zakat to the progeny of Prophet Ishaaq (AS) and Prophet Yacob (AS): “And We sent them inspiration to do good deeds and to be diligent in the Salaah and pay Zakat.” [Surah Al-Anbiyaa 21:73]

ZAKAT History: Zakat in the time of the Holly Prophet (S.A.W): It was only in the second year of Hijrah, some eighteen months after the arrival of the Holly Prophet (S.A.W) to Medina that Zakat became a Fard or an obligation on Muslims.

ZAKAT: History Zakat in the time of the Holly Prophet (S.A.W): (Continue………….) The Qur'an mentions Zakat as: "In their wealth and properties is the right of the poor, the beggar and he who is in deprivation.” (Surah Al-Dhareyat 51:19)


ZAKAT: A Pillar of Islam Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said: “Islam was built upon five pillars: to witness that there is no God but Allah and that Muhammad (SAW) is His servant and messenger , performing prayer , giving Zakat, performing pilgrimage and fasting the month of Ramadan”

NISAB-E-ZAKAT In the light of Quran & Hadith “The alms are only for the poor, the needy, those who collect them, those whose hearts are to be reconciled, to free the captives and the debtors, for the cause of God, and for the travellers; a duty imposed by God. God is All-Knowing, AII-Wise.” (9:60)

NISAB-E-ZAKATDuers of zakat Duers as mentioned in surah tauba (60) The poor. The needy people. Those employed to administer the Funds. Those whose hearts have been recently reconciled to Truth. Those in Bondage. Those in Debt. In the cause of Allah. The wayfarers.

ZAKAT Categories of wealth on which zakat is due : 1. Personal wealth, which includes the following. 2. Agricultural produce 3 Items that are mined or extracted from the Earth. 4 Live stock

ZAKAT Rules for giving zakat On gold Gold has two Nisaab: The first Nisaab is twenty Mithqaal Shar'i which equals fifteen Customary Mithqaal (Mithqaal Ma'mooli). Whenever gold reaches one of these quantities and other conditions are present, it is obligatory to give one fortieth of that (two and a half per-cent) with the designation of Zakah. If this amount is not reached, there is no Zakah. The Second Nisaab is four Legal Mithqaal (Mithqaal Shar'i) which becomes three Customary Mithqaal, meaning that if three Customary Mithqaal are added to fifteen Customary Mithqaal, Zakah is required to be given on the total eighteen Mithqaal at the rate of two and a half percent.

ZAKAT Rules for giving zakat On Silver The first Nisaab is one hundred and five (105) Customary Mithqaal. If that quantity is reached and other conditions are present, it is required to pay one fortieth of that as Zakah (two and a half percent). If this quantity (of the Nisaab) is not reached, Zakah is not obligatory upon it. The Second Nisaab is twenty one (21) Customary Mithqaal, meaning that if twenty one Mithqaal is joined with one hundred and five Mithqaal, Zakah is required to be given on the total one hundred twenty six (126) Mithqaal

ZAKAT Rules for giving zakat On animals For sheep, there are five (5) Nisaab: • 40 Sheep - Its Zakah is one (1) sheep. • 121 Sheep - Its Zakah is two (2) sheep. • 201 Sheep - Its Zakah is three (3) sheep. • 301 Sheep - Its Zakah is four (4) sheep. • 400 Sheep or more. One sheep is given per each hundred sheep

ZAKAT Rules for giving zakat On animals For cows, there are two (2) Nisaab: The First Nisaab: Thirty (30) head of cows, meaning that when the number of cows reach 30 heads and the previously mentioned conditions are fulfilled, it is obligatory to give a Tabee' or Tabee'ah. They are the cows that have entered into the second year at the minimum. The Second Nisaab: Forty (40) head of cows. Its Zakah is a Musannah, meaning the female cow that has entered into the third year at the minimum.

ZAKAT Rules for giving zakat On animals For the camel, there are twelve (12) Nisaab: •Five (5) camels -Its Zakah is one (1) sheep. There is no Zakah unless it has reached this number. Ten (10) camels -Its Zakah is two (2) sheep. Fifteen (15) camels - Its Zakah is three (3) sheep. Twenty (20) camels - Its Zakah is four (4) sheep. Twenty five (25) camels - Its Zakah is five (5) sheep. Twenty six (26) camels - Its Zakah is a Bint Makhaadh and it is the female camel which has entered into the second year.

Zakat on Agricultural lands Agricultural land: There is no zakat on land itself. Zakat is levied on the production from zakat. (2.5%) if expenses were incurred to produce the crops. (5%) if none or very little expenses were incurred for producing the crops. - Plots: (i)*there is no zakat on plot purchased to make your house. (ii)*there is no zakat on plot(s) purchased to make houses for giving out on rent and earning income. But there will be zakat on the savings (if excess of nisab) from the rental income just as any other income. (iii)*there is zakat on those plots which you have purchased in order to sell and earn profit

SIGNIFICANCE OF ZAKAT In the Quran Zakat stands second in its importance. Wealth is trust or ‘ammanah’ by Allah. The importance of Zakat is evident from its countless benefits. Al-Sadiq (SAW),said: “Allah has not imposed anything more serious than Zakat upon this nation – and due to it, many of them shall perish.”

ZAKAT IS SECURITY Trust of the public. Security and protection of God. Prophet (SAW): “Protect your wealth through zakat, cure your ill with sadaqa and be ready, against misfortunes, with dua (prayer) Holy Prophet (SAW) said: “When the Zakat is restrained, livestock die.”

ZAKAT GRANTS PROSPERITY Causes a spell-binding revival in their capital. The True and Ultimate Possessor of the seen and unseen treasures, the Almighty God ensures this. Divine assistance is guarantee from God and a soothing echo of His Messenger (SAW) Allah(SW) says: “God blights usury and makes almsgiving fruitful; He does not love the impious and guilty” (Baqara 2:276). Prophet (SAW) said: “If you wish for Allah to multiply your wealth, then purify it (through zakat).”

SOCIAL BENEFITS OF ZAKAT Zakat reduces class struggles Zakat strengthens the middle class Zakat cures social diseases Zakat liberates society from interest

ZAKAT PREVENTS HOARDING WEALTH Stockpiling-an economic menace to the greater part of society. Bad news for stockpilers in Quran and Hadith. The Prophet illustrates the following image: “If a person financially eligible for zakat refuses, then his wealth, in the hereafter, will embody the appearance of snake, bold from excessive poison. The man will flee, only to find that each time the snake is relentlessly breathing down his neck; and it will be exclaimed to him, ‘This is your wealth which you were so stingy over!”