Chapter 15 Evolution

Chapter 15 study guide  Key Vocabulary:  Adaptation  Natural selection  Homologous structure  Analogous structure  Vestigial Structure and examples(human).  Divergent evolution  Coevolution  Evolution  Fossil  Convergent evolution

Darwin theory of evolution  Darwin’s ideas came from studying animals in the Galapagos islands.  He studied the species of finches.  They had common ancestors  Different beaks depending on the type of food they ate.  Evolution occurs because of natural selection.

Darwin continued  Wrote a book called “The origin of species” that stated species change over time by natural selection.

Natural selection  States that organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited to the same environment.

Natural resources  If natural resources are limited, all organisms must compete for resources.  Population of the same species change over time to adapt to the environment they live in.  Example Finches on the Galapagos islands.

Figure 15.5 limbs of animals  Limbs are used differently.  They have different DNA but their nucleotides sequence show many similarities.  Some must have shared a common ancestor.  Have homologous structures.

Evidence of evolution  Similar in proteins and DNA sequence.  Fossil record  Homologous structure

Divergent evolution  The accumulation of differences between population that once formed a single population. The population changes over time.  Same species that have different traits, because they live in different environment. They adapt to the environment they live in.  Lizards and birds

Coevolution  The process in which two or more species become more adapted over time to each other’s presence.  Example: Plants and pollinators(Bees or birds) must have coevolved.  EX: Human and bacteria  Cockroaches and pesticides.

Convergent evolution  The process by which different species evolve similar traits.  Example: Dolphin and shark. They both have fins and same body shape.

Scientists  Read and review the ideas of these scientists:  Jean Baptiste Lamarke  Charles Lyell  Charles Darwin

Questions:  How do fossils form?  Examples of fossils?