16.1 Pioneer Families and Women Main Idea Thousands of settlers followed trails through the West to gain land and a chance to make a fortune. Why It Matters Now This migration brought Americans to territories that became New Mexico, Oregon, and Utah.

Standards Describe the purpose, challenges, and economic incentives associated with westward expansion, including the concept of Manifest Destiny (e.g., the Lewis and Clark expedition, accounts of the removal of Indians, the Cherokees’ “Trail of Tears,” settlement of the Great Plains) and the territorial acquisitions that spread numerous decades Describe the role of the pioneer women and the new status that western women achieved (e.g., Laura Ingalls Wilder, Anne Bidwell; slave women gaining freedom in the West; Wyoming granting suffrage to women in 1869).

Daily Guided Questions 1.Why would missionaries move to the West? 2.Why did the Mormons have to move so many times before settling in Utah? 3.Why did women enjoy greater equality in the West than in the East?

Quick Write “Create a diary entry of a pioneer moving west. Explain the following: -Reasons for moving west. -What route are you taking? -Who is going with you? -What are some of the supplies you are taking? -What are some of your hardships and triumphs on this trip?”

Missionaries Travelled west to bring religious beliefs to the Native Americans. Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, set up a mission for Cayuse Indians. -Failed to understand and respect N. Amer. ways. -More settlers came taking N. Amer. lands. -Measles outbreak killed many. Cayuses killed Whitmans and 12 others.

Life in the West Dangerous and self-sufficient. -Extreme weather, disease, and accidents. Native Americans mistrusted settlers. -Both sides massacred each other. -Federal government involvement ended fights.

Women in the West Worked along side the men farming and working. -Sometimes worked harder than the men. -Single or widows. Status was higher than women in the East. Wyoming Terr. gave women the right to vote in 1869.

Annie Bidwell Moved to Northern Ca. with her husband, John. Became civic leaders. -Taught N. Amer. to read and write. Annie Bidwell fought for women's suffrage in the West.

The Mormons The Mormons, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, was founded by Joseph Smith in Book of Mormon created thru visions. Believed in community property. Polygamy (practice of having more than one wife at a time.)

Seeking Refuge Moved from New York, Ohio, Missouri, and then Illinois. Joseph Smith murdered. Brigham Young, new leader in 1847 leads a party of Mormons to Utah. -part of Mexico.

Smith Young

Utah Farming difficult in desert climate. Under strict church supervision, they enclosed and distributed farmland and efficient irrigation system.

Conflicts with the Government Mormon church controlled the election process in Utah Territory. Non-Mormons had no say. Mormons controlled businesses. Outsiders had difficulty doing business. Polygamy, illegal in the rest of the country. Utah didn’t become a state until 1896.

WHAT/WHY IMPORTANT/AS A RESULT Vocabulary Create a WHAT/WHY IMPORTANT/AS A RESULT vocabulary chart. Choose three words from the unit to do. Use textbook pages

Primary Source pg. 641 Read the primary source, Laura Ingalls Wilder, “Grasshoppers Walking” on textbook pg Read everything on the page and answer the three questions.

Study Guide pg. 145 Copy and complete study guide pg Use your notes and text book pg to complete it.