Students type their answers here 1 In the diagram, the mantle is labeled as A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 2 ________ in the mantle and core make tectonic plates move. A. Conduction movements B. Earthquakes C. Radioactive decay D. Convection currents E. Concurrent currents Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 3 Coal is derived from __________ compressed and hardened over millennia. A. Vast forests B. Phytoplankton C. Plant material from swamps D. Lava Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 4 Crude oil is derived from____________. A. All plant matter B. Lava C. Vast forests D. Phytoplankton and algae Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 5 Which of the following bodies of water is growing due to tectonic movement? A. Pacific Ocean B. Atlantic Ocean C. Black Sea D. Indian Ocean E. None of these are growing Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here The "ring of fire" is the source of more earthquakes and volcanic activity than any other place on earth. What causes the ring of fire? A. The subduction of Pacific plates under continental plates B. The drift of Europe and Africa away from the Americas C. The collision of two continental plates D. Mid-oceanic ridges E. The conduction currents in the hot magma 6 Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 7 A mineral is composed of A. Other minerals B. Noncrystalline elements C. Inorganic elements D. A metal and a crystal E. Organic material Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here The fundamental characteristic(s) that distinguish(es) a mineral is/are its A. Chemical composition B. Crystal structure C. Organic materials D. Grain size E. Chemical composition and its crystal structure 8 Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 9 _______ is an example of an igneous rock. A. Basalt B. Shale C. Marble D. Sandstone E. Limestone Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 10 Rocks are classified according to their A. Chemical composition B. Physical properties C. Internal structure D. Mode of formation E. All of these are correct Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 11 The physical breakdown of a rock into smaller pieces is called A. The rock cycle B. Sedimentation C. Chemical weathering D. Mechanical weathering E. Abrasion Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 12 Rocks are _______ in the process called the rock cycle. A. Moved from place to place B. Incorporated into living organisms C. Broken down and re-formed D. Cycled through the core and mantle E. Cycled through the crust and core Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here Sinkholes and caverns can be produced by A. Chemical weathering B. Mechanical weathering C. Abrasion D. Plant growth and soil acidity E. The loss of plant roots in the soil 13 Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 14 Salts such as halite are often produced as ____________ deposits. A. Sedimentary B. Igneous C. Metamorphic D. Mechanical weathering E. Glacial Students type their answers here

Students type their answers here 15 The metal(s) that is/are most important in global economies is/are A. Marble B. Cadmium C. Halite D. Iron E. All are important metals in the global economy Students type their answers here

A. Sulfur compounds in the ore B. Chlorine compounds in the ore 16 Where do the toxic gases and leachates come from that are the result of mining for gold? A. Sulfur compounds in the ore B. Chlorine compounds in the ore C. Carbon compounds in the ore D. Cyanide used in the operation of mining for the gold E. Heavy metals used in the operation of mining for the gold

Students type their answers here 17 Smelting ore, as in Ducktown, Tennessee, releases toxic chemicals in the form of A. Gases, from baked ore B. Liquids, from leaching processes C. Dust, from grinding ore gravel D. Solids, in the form of toxic waste E. All of these are correct Students type their answers here

18 A. Pouring gravel into holding tanks Heap-leach extraction removes gold from ore by A. Pouring gravel into holding tanks B. Spraying cyanide on a pile of ore gravel C. Roasting ore to release the gold D. High-pressure spraying of ore E. Digging the gold out of the mountains

B. Less waste rock is produced A major environmental implication of the quest for more gold at lower concentrations in the ore compared to higher concentrations is that A. About the same amount of toxic gas is released from digging out the gold B. Less waste rock is produced C. Less material has to be moved to get to the gold D. More carbon dioxide is released as the gold is mined E. More material has to be moved to get to the gold 19

Students type their answers here The biggest risk to communities surrounding mountain top removal is ___________. A. landslides B. plants are difficult to regrow on the tops of reclaimed mountains C. infiltrating water flows through the rock debris and picks up toxic metals and chemicals, taking them to drinking water supplies. D. the pure ugliness of a reclaimed mountain 20 Students type their answers here