Starter: Define Biotechnology. How does it affect your life?

Agriscience Applications Biotechnology

The Beginning…  In your notebook write a definition for biotechnology

The Beginning… Life or living Application of science to an industrial or commercial objective

History  Biotechnology has been around since the beginning of time –Yeast to make bread rise –Bacteria to ferment sauerkraut –Bacteria to produce cheese, yogurt –Transform grain into alcohol

Biotechnology  Silage –Used for animal feed –Green grasses and grains stored in air tight containers –Converts sugars and starches to acids

The Genetic Connection  Genetics –Biology of heredity Transmission of characteristics from an organism to its offspring through genes in reproductive cells –Gregor Mendel Experimented with garden pea plants

The Genetic Connection  Genes –Components of cells that determine individual characteristics of all living things –Comprised of DNA The “Blueprint” of cells and their successive cells

The Genetic Connection Animal Cell

The Genetic Connection  Gene Mapping –Matching a gene to a trait Determines what gene is responsible for certain traits Examples: –Tendency of baldness –Tendency of females to have twins –Height of plants

Application of Biotechnology  DNA Matching –Identifying the parents of offspring  Genetic engineering –Early 1980’s –Modifies the genetic make-up of animals and plants Movement of genetic information (genes) from one cell to another

Products of Genetic Engineering  Insulin Treats diabetes: Made from E-Coli  Herbicide resistant crops  BST (bovine somatotrapin) Increases milk production  Lee-minus Bacteria that retards frost formation on plants  Convert waste to fuel