DO NOW Complete the table on the handout. Pick up handout and periodic table on front table Also grab a popsicle stick and write your first and last name on it

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

ORGANIC VS INORGANIC What is organic? What is inorganic? Let’s practice – Make a T-Chart in your INB Label one side “organic” Label the other side “inorganic”

ORGANIC VS INORGANIC Organic - Inorganic -

ORGANIC VS INORGANIC Write the name of each of the following images as either organic or inorganic

ORGANIC VS INORGANIC Organic Strawberry Trees Pancakes Insect Inorganic Tires Rocks Water Nickel Gold

STOP AND THINK What makes these items organic vs. inorganic? The answer is they contain organic compounds

WHAT IS AN ELEMENT An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. The smallest unit of an element is an atom.

ELEMENTS

I AM DMITRI MENDELEEV! I made the PERIODIC TABLE !

WHAT IS THE PERIODIC TABLE? oShows all known elements in the universe. oOrganizes the elements by chemical properties.

HOW DO YOU READ THE PERIODIC TABLE?

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER? oThe number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom Or oThe number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

WHAT IS THE SYMBOL? oAn abbreviation of the element name.

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC WEIGHT? oThe number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

HOW DO I FIND THE NUMBER OF PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND NEUTRONS IN AN ELEMENT USING THE PERIODIC TABLE? o# of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER o# of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER o# of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC WEIGHT NUMBER

NOW YOU ARE ALMOST AS SMART AS I AM! But not as handsome! Man, I look GOOD!

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES

WHAT IS AN ELEMENT? oA substance composed of a single kind of atom. oCannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.

WHAT IS A COMPOUND? oA substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.

WHAT IS A COMPOUND A compound is any chemical that is made of two or more different elements.

YOU ARE STILL NOT AS HANDSOME AS THE GREAT MENDELEEV! I am working this beard! Man, I look GOOD!

DO NOW Determine: 1)Number of Protons 2)Number of Neutrons 3)Number of Electrons Hint # of Protons = Atomic # # of Electrons = Atomic # # of Neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic #

SAFETY QUIZ Safety Quiz Name Date Class Period 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

WHAT IS AN ORGANIC COMPOUND Organic Compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things.

WHAT ARE THE 6 ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP MOST LIFE? Almost all organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

C FOR CARBON Is the essential element of life.

H FOR HYDROGEN Is the most abundant (plenty) element that make up the earth

O FOR OXYGEN Is 1/5 of the Earth’s atmosphere

N FOR NITROGEN are vital components of foods, fertilizers, and etc

P FOR PHOSPHORUS It is an essential component of living systems and is found in nervous tissue and bones

S FOR SULFUR Found in volcanoes

4 CATEGORIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Proteins Carbohydrates – gives you energy Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA gives cells information Lipids – Stores energy and maintains cell walls

PROTEINS Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms Include Amino Acid Chains Enzymes

PROTEINS In the human body proteins are important Your body can produce 11 of the 20 different Amino Acids The other 9 must be obtained from food These are known as the essential Amino Acids

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS How are organic compounds formed from these elements?

ATOMIC STRUCTURE Nucleus – the center of the atom Includes protons (positive) and neutrons (neutral) Cloud – the area around the nucleus where the electrons (negative) “orbit” is levels, or shells

“HAPPY” ATOMS Atoms are happy and will stop creating bonds when they have 8 valence electrons (sometimes 2) Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost level of the cloud

LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE Remember, the group (up and down column), will tell you how many valence electrons the atom has in it’s pure form. (except the inner transition metals… ignore those until high school)

LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE Draw each atom as its symbol with dots to represent its valence electrons

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Draw the Lewis Dot Diagram for the following elements on the board Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur

COVALENT BONDS Covalent bonds are when atoms share electrons. Shared electrons orbit both nuclei. Each atom MUST share in covalent bonding – give one to get one! We draw a covalent bond with a straight line, like this:

DOUBLE AND TRIPLE BONDS Atoms may share more than one set of electrons, but not more than three sets. These are drawn like this: