Mandy Metzcher HSC 4624 Instructor: Bobbie Konter Spring 2012 The Importance of Millennium Development Goal 4 and the Health of Children.

44 Overview: MDGs Burden of Childhood Illness Causes of Child Related Deaths Interventions Summary of Contents

1. What are the Millennium Development Goals?

Millennium Development Goal 4 Infant (Under 1) Mortality Rate Reduce % two-thirds between 1990 and 2015: Under-Five Mortality Rate Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized

2. The Burden of Childhood Disease About 8.8 million deaths of children under 5 years of age occurs worldwide annually. 99% of them are in low-and middle-income countries. Over half of these deaths occur in: India Nigeria Democratic Republic of the Congo Pakistan China Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for ½ of the child deaths worldwide. (Unicef, 2010)

Pneumonia Diarrheal Diseases AIDS Malaria Measles Infections Lack of primary health care Unsafe water and inadequate sanitation structures Malnutrition 3. Causes of Under-Five Deaths

41% of all under-five child deaths are among newborn infants, in which ¾ all deaths occur within the first week of life. Up to 2/3 of newborn deaths could be prevented if known and preventative health measures are provided at birth. An additional 3.3 million newborn deaths are still born. A child’s risk of death in the first four weeks of life is nearly 15% greater than any other time before the 1 st birthday. Neonatal Deaths

Infections 36% Pre- Term 28% Birth Asphyxia 23% Causes of Neonatal Deaths

1. Immunizations & Vaccinations 2. Clean Water & Proper Sanitation Structures 3. Access to Public Health and Nutrition 4. Increase Social Visibility 4. Interventions:

Do you have any questions?

References Chan, M. (2007, January 12). Health and the mdgs: The challenges ahead. UN Chronicle. Retrieved from ealthandthemdgsthechallengesahead Herbert, H. K., Lee, A. C. C., Chandran, A., Rudan, I., & Baqui, A. (2012). Care seeking for neonatal illness in low- and middle- income countries: A systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 9(3), NA. Retrieved from Rattue, P. (2011, Spetember 21). Millennium development goals on child and maternal mortality on track for only 9 out of 137 developing countries. Medican News Today. Retrieved from Skolnik, R. (2012). Global health 101. (2 ed., pp ). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. Unicef. (2010, September). Progress for children:acheiving the mdgs with equity. Retrieved from WHO. (2011, September). Newborn death and illness: Millennium development goal (mdg) 4. Retrieved from

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