Agriculture and National Economy 1 In the 1960s and 1970s, Korea was an underdeveloped country on agricultural structure. Items Population(mil.) Farmers (%) GDP/capita ($) ,591 Ag. in GDP (%) >= 60 yrs old farmers (%) Land area/ farmhouse(ha) Self-sufficiency (grain, %) □ “ 통일 ” 벼의 개발

Tall Japonica rice was incapable of applying the high-yielding tech, high N & dense planting, etc. → Low yield in Japonica rice varieties CharacteristicsDrawback ○ Tall height, droopy leaves ○ Small panicles → Less grains per ㎡ ○ Intolerance to heavy N - Lodging - Limited yield potential - Low photosynthesis & Low yield Characteristics of Japonica rice before GR in 1960s 2

3 IR8 developed at IRRI, 1966 (1960) ● Characteristics of IR8 - Morphological C. : Semi-dwarf, Elect leaves, High tillering, Heavy panicles, - Physiological C. : Tolerance to heavy N, High photosynthesis, etc. The first modern semi-dwarf rice variety

Three World's Success Cases in Green Revolution ① CIMMYT : High-yielding wheat - Sorora 64 (1964) ※ The developer, Dr. Norman Borlaug, received Nobel Peace Prize in ② IRRI : Rice of miracle - IR8 (1966) ※ The developer, Dr. Henry Beachell, won World Food Prize in ③ RDA : High-yielding rice - Tongil (1971) ※ Development of “Tongil” was recognized as the first top R&D achievement for the last 50 years in Korea, These new high-yielding varieties were increased about 50~100% of productivity. These 3 cases had led the world's green revolution in 1960s~1970s. ※ CIMMYT and IRRI are international agricultural research organizations while RDA is a national organization, which draws more attention from other developing nations. 4

5 - The first success of indica/japonica hybridization in Korea - Three-way cross : IR8 // Yukara / TN1 Tong-il X X Cross Topcross (IR667) Release Replicated Yield trials YearTreatmentPedigree Breeding Passage of ‘Tong-il’ Variety Indica, Short ht. Japonica, Cold T. Indica, High Yielding

Characteristics of ‘Tong-il’, High-yielding Varity Tongil-type rice in 1970sJaponica-type rice in 1960s 6 - Small panicles, droopy leaves - Intolerance to heavy N → Low yield - Heavy panicles, elect leaves - Tolerance to heavy N → High yield ※ RDA developed 25 Tongil-type varieties in 1970s.

- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA (Suwon City) - 7 Greenhouses for Rice Generation Shortening A Delivery room of the GR

하나의 조직 ( 농촌진흥청 ) 내에 연구 · 지도 기능 보유 → 기술의 개발 및 지도 · 전파가 효율적으로 추진 FAO 로부터 미국, 영국 등 5 개국과 함께 가장 효율적인 연구 - 지도 시스템으로 인정받음 (1985 년 ) ※ 연구조직 : 작물 + 원예 + 축산 + 기초연구 ※ 지도조직 : 9 개 도 기술원 개 시군 농촌지도소 연구 - 지도 연계 시스템 연구조직 (10 개 연구소 ) 지도조직 (9 개 도기술원 ) 농 가 (151 개 지도소 ) 새품종 새기술 개발 현지 조정 및 지도 현지적응 및 생산 피드백 연구결과 문제점 새기술 보급 문제점 8

Achievement of Rice Self-sufficiency □ RDA developed the high-yielding rice variety, “Tongil” in ※ Rural Development Administration (RDA) is the central government organization responsible for agricultural research and extension services in Korea. □ Achieved self-sufficiency of rice by “Tongil” in 1977 Achieved self-sufficiency by 109% within 6 years : A miracle success history in the world Items Cultivated area of TI-type vars.(%) Yield potential (t/ha) - Japonica varieties - Tongil-type varieties Rice growth-production (mil. t) Self-sufficiency of rice (%)

우리나라 국가 R&D 반세기 우수성과 1. “ 통일 ” 벼 개발 : 주곡자급 → 국가발전 밑거름 (1965) 350 만톤 → (1977) 600 만톤 2. 전자교환기 (TDX) 상용화 : 1 가구 1 전화 시대 3. CDMA 기술 상용화 : 이동통신시대 개막 4. 메모리 반도체 개발 : 반도체 시장점유율 세계 3 위 ( 현재 1 위 ) 5. 한국형 표준 원자로 개발 : 안정적 전기 공급원 6. 선박설계 핵심기술 개발 : 세계 1 위 조선해양국가 7. 한국형 고속열차 개발 (KTX) : 세계 4 번째 기술보유국 8. 의료용 사이클로트론 개발 : 싼 가격 위암 진단 9. 아리랑 2 호 발사 : 위성영상 기술산업화 초석 10. 파이넥스 공법 상용화 : 친환경 제철공법 세계최초 상용화 - 교과부,

11 □ 농촌진흥청 소개 RDA is the central government organization responsible for agricultural research and extension services in Korea

Agricultural research & technology development Technology dissemination & extension service Guidance and training for rural development and home improvement Mission Founded as Agricultural Demonstration Station Reorganized as Rural Development Administration (RDA) * 100-year R&D history History 12

Administrator Audit & Legal Affairs Office Research Policy Bureau Planning & Coordination Office Technology Cooperation Bureau Extension Service Bureau Spokesperson Deputy Administrator Nat’l Inst. of Crop Science Nat’l Inst. of Horticultural and Herbal Science Nat’l Inst. of Animal Science Foundation of Agr. Technology Commercialization & Transfer Nat’l Academy of Agricultural Science 9 provincial RDAs 161 City/County Agri. Development & Tech. Centers 36 Region-Specific Crop Experiment Stations Organization 13

Scientist Extension Staff Administration & Technician Total Central1, ,843 Provincial7734,6512,6798,103 Total1,9444,7353,2679,946 Oct Personnel 14

Dev’t Trend of Agricultural Technology s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Establishment of research & extension system Initiation of modern technology dissemination Launching of “Rural Area Promotion Act” (1962) High-yielding Rice self-sufficiency Green revolution Year-round production Supplying year-round fresh vegetables White revolution High quality, low-input, eco-friendly Cutting-edged technologies Labor-saving, quality improvement Safety, functionality, value-added Improvement of public health Development of amenity resources

Targets Maintenance of the agricultural foundation Creation of new growth engines Industrialization of safe agro-foods Direction  National food security  Enhancement of competitiveness (FTA)  National resource management  Expanded utilization of agro-products  Automated production system, vertical farm, LED, Bio-energy, etc.  Agro-food safety  Industrialization of agro-foods, Improving value added Wealthy farmers, Dynamic rurality, Powerful agriculture - through agricultural science & technology development - Efficient agricultural R&D and Expanded R&D scopes Vision and Targets of Agricultural S&T Dev’t 16

감사합니다 ! Thank you! A phytotron, delivery room of the GR