Water

Section 1: Water Resources Objectives: Describe the _____________of Earth’s water resources. Explain why _________ water is one of Earth’s limited resources. Describe the distribution of Earth’s ________ water. Describe the _____________ between groundwater and surface water in a watershed.

Section 1: Water Resources The ________ Cycle Earth is often called “the ______________ Planet” Water is all forms  _________, __________, and ______ Water is _____________________resource.

Section 1: Water Resources ____________ Water Distribution _____% of Earth’s surface is covered with water Nearly _____% of Earth’s water is salt water About _____% of Earth’s fresh water is frozen in ______________ and polar icecaps

Section 1: Water Resources __________Water Is fresh water on Earth’s land __________; found in lakes, rivers, streams, and _________________. _____________ Systems ____________ form as water from falling _______ and melting snow drains from mts, hills, plateaus, and plains As _________ and rivers move across the land, they form flowing _____________ of water called river system. Watersheds The area of land that is ____________ by a river is known as a watershed. The amount of water that enters a watershed ___________ throughout the _________.

Section 1: Water Resources Groundwater Water __________ beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and _________ formations Aquifers An _____________ formation that contains groundwater Most consist of materials such as rock, ________, and gravel that have a lot of spaces where __________can accumulate

Section 1: Water Resources Groundwater The ____________ Zone The area of the Earth’s surface where water _____________ down into the aquifer is called the recharge zone. Are environmentally ___________ areas because any pollution in the recharge zone can also enter the __________. Wells A hole that is dug or drilled to reach groundwater is called a __________. Wells are drilled to extend below the ____________ table.

Section 2: Water Use and Management Objectives: Identify patterns of ___________ water use. Explain how water is ____________ so that it can be used for drinking. Identify how water is used in __________, in industry, and in __________________. Describe how _________ and water diversion projects are used to manage ________________ resources. Identify ________ ways that water can be conserved.

Section 2: Water Use and Management Global Water Use 3 major uses for water: _____________________ use Most of the fresh water used worldwide is used to _______________crops. Globally, about ____% of water is used by households for drinking and washing.

Section 2: Water Use and Management _______________ Water Use The average person in the U.S. use about _____L of water every day, such as _______, cooking, washing, and _______ flushing. Water Treatment Most water must be treated to make it safe to drink (___________) Water treatment plants _______ harmful elements found in polluted water, such as ____________, which are organisms that cause illness or ____________.

Section 2: Water Use and Management _______________ Water Use Accounts for ____% of water used in the world Used to manufacture goods, to __________ of waste, and to generate _________ Most of the water that is used in industry is used to _______ power plants

Section 2: Water Use and Management Agricultural Water Use Accounts for ____% of the water used in the world. As much as ___% of water used in agriculture evaporates and never reaches plant roots. Irrigation A method of providing plants with ______ from sources other than direct precipitation. Water-filled __________ High-pressure overhead ________________

Section 2: Water Use and Management Water ____________ Projects Water Diversion Projects To supply dry regions with ______, all or part of a ________ can be diverted into canals that carry water across great distances. Water can be diverted for __________ and drinking water Dams & Reservoirs Dam is a structure built across a river to __________ the river’s flow. Used to generate __________ energy An artificial lake, or ____________, is formed behind the dam.

Section 2: Water Use and Management Water ___________________ Is one way that we can help ensure that everyone will have enough water at a reasonable price. Water Conservation in ____________ Most water loss comes from ___________, seepage, and _________ _______ irrigation systems deliver small amounts of water directly to plant roots

Section 2: Water Use and Management Water Conservation Water Conservation in ____________ Water is becoming more _______________ Most widely used involve the ________________ of cooling water and wastewater Water Conservation at ________ Water-saving technology, such as low-flow _________ and shower heads, help reduce ________ use. Water lawns at _________ to reduce water lost to evaporation Xeriscaping involves designing a _____________ that requires minimal water use.

Section 2: Water Use and Management Solutions for the Future _____________ The process of removing ________ from salt water Heat salt water and collect the ________ water that evaporates Too ___________ for many nations to consider Transporting Water Scientist are exploring the possibility of filling huge bags with water from _________ rivers and then towing the bags down the coast to California People have considered towing ____________ to communities that lack fresh water.

Section 3: Water Pollution Objectives: Compare ______________ pollution and nonpoint-source pollution. Classify water pollutants by ________ types. Explain why _____________ pollution is difficult to clean. Describe the _________ sources of ocean pollution, and explain the effects of pollution on _____________. Describe ____ major laws designed to _________ water quality in the United States.

Section 3: Water Pollution Water ________ Is the introduction of __________, physical, or biological agents into water that _________ water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water. You cannot tell if a body of water is ___________ by the way that the water looks or __________. Industry is usually not the major cause of water ___________ in developing countries. Comes from ______ types of sources: ___________ sources

Section 3: Water Pollution Point-Source ____________ Pollution discharged from a _________ source. a __________ Wastewater ____________ plant Leaking oil ____________

Section 3: Water Pollution Nonpoint-Source __________________ Comes from many _____________sources that are often difficult to identify A _________ can be polluted by runoff from any of the land in its water shed. ____% of polluted bodies of water in the US were contaminated by nonpoint sources

Section 3: Water Pollution Principal Water Pollutants (Table 5 on p. 286) _________________ Organic matter __________________ Inorganic chemicals Heavy ____________ Physical agents

Section 3: Water Pollution Wastewater Is water that contains __________ from homes or industry Treating ______________ Most of the water contains ___________________ material that can be broken down by living organisms Plants may not remove all of the ___________ substances in water Sewage ____________ The _________ material that remains after treatment It is often incinerated, and then the ash is buried in secure landfill. Can be used as _____________, and clay can be added to make bricks

Section 3: Water Pollution Artificial _________________ When lakes and ________________ streams contain an abundance of nutrients, are eutrophic. ___________________ is a natural process when organic matter builds up in a body of water, and begins to decay and ________________. eutrophication is accelerated from _________________ and fertilizer runoff.

Section 3: Water Pollution _____________ Pollution When the ______________ of a body of water, such as a lake or stream, ______________. Can occur when ________ plants and other industries use water in their cooling systems and then discharge the warm water into a lake or __________. If temps rise even a _______ degrees, the amount of oxygen the water can hold decreases significantly.

Section 3: Water Pollution __________________ Pollution ____________ usually enter groundwater when polluted surface water percolates down from the Earth’s surface. Cleaning Up _____________ Pollution Most challenging environmental problems that the _________ faces Groundwater is also difficult to _______________ because the water is dispersed throughout large areas of rock and sand.

Section 3: Water Pollution __________ Pollution Pollutants are often ___________ directly into the oceans _________and wastewater overboard Oil Spills Have _____________ effects Responsible for only about ___% of oil pollution in the oceans Most comes from ________ and towns

Section 3: Water Pollution Water Pollution and ____________ Water pollution can cause immediate __________ to an ecosystem _________________ is the accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain One reason why many US states limit the amount of ________ that people can eat from certain bodies of water Cleaning Up Water Pollution Clean Water Act of ____________ Many _________ metals are now removed from wastewater before the water is discharged. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of _______ Oil Pollution Act of _______