Module 12 Continental Shelf Communities Part 2 February 28, 2013 Honors Marine Biology Module 12 Continental Shelf Communities Part 2 February 28, 2013

Class Challenge Famous Autographs

Hart’s Landing Fishing Tournament Field Trip Our next field trip is scheduled for Friday, April 19, 2013 Hart’s Landing Fishing Tournament 10:00am to Noon If you are 16 or older Florida Law requires you to have a current Fishing Lisence.

Class Quiz Define: Benthos Nekton Plankton

Define: 4. Subtitle 5. Infauna Epifauna 7. Meiofauna:

Define and Draw 8. Continental Shelf

Benthos: Marine Organisms that live on the sea bottom Nekton: Marine Organisms that swim strongly enough to move against the ocean current. Plankton: Marine organisms that cannot swim strongly enough to move against the ocean current.

Subtidal: An area of the ocean that always stays under the water regardless of the tides. Infauna: Organisms that buried in the sediment. Epifauna: Organisms that can be easily seen swimming Meiofauna: The microscopic creatures that dwell in between the sediment particles.

Define and Draw Continental Shelf: is a gently sloping area beginning at a point near land, just below the low-tide mark. It continues out to the shelf break, with is the outer-edge of the continental shelf.

Continental Shelf Communities In our last class we discussed different kinds of Continental shelf communities. They can be divided into two groups based upon the substrate of the ocean floor. Soft-bottom shelf communities Hard-bottom shelf communities The type of substrate determines what types of organisms can populate the ocean floor.

Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities There are two major categories: Rocky Bottomed Communities Kelp Beds

Kelp Beds and Forests In most of the cold temperate areas of the world, hard-bottom shelf substrates are inhabited by large, brown seaweeds known as kelps. Kelps can grow quite tall (up to 30 meters) compared to other seaweeds.

Kelp Beds create a third dimension to the hard-bottom communities, in the same way that trees create canopy structures in forests.

Kelp Forests In Kelp Forests a canopy is formed when the kelp is tall enough to stretch from the bottom of the subtidal community all the way up to the surface. As a result, most of the kelp is underneath the water, but some of it is on top of the water as well.

Kelp Bed When kelps are not tall enough to reach the surface and form a canopy, the community they form is called a kelp forest. Marine Scientists use they terms interchangeably, but really should not.

Kelp Kelp attach to the substrate by a holdfast instead of true roots. The trunk-like stipe extends upward from the holdfast and ends in one or more leaf-like blades. These are hollow floats, called pneumatocytes, located at the base of the blades. This helps keep the blade at the water’s surface instead of sinding to the bottom.

Kelp

Kelp Kelp do not need roots to absorb their nutrients from the sediment; rather, they directly absorb nutrients from seawater, just like phytoplankton and other algae.

Kelp As a result, they need constant movement of water flowing past them in order to obtain a regular supply of necessary nutrients.

Kelp Kelps can grow so large, however, because their leather-like surface keeps them from being fragile like other algae. They can better survive strong currents that would otherwise tear their long, thin stipes.

Underwater Kelp Forests http://youtu.be/GcbU4bfkDA4 JEAN-MICHEL COUSTEAU: OCEAN ADVENTURES | Kelp Forest | PBS (food web) http://youtu.be/v_aSl3iL7rM

Life In The Kelp Forest http://youtu.be/CdRVBEaMo34

Lab: Animals and Plants in a Kelp Forest Categorize Plants and Animals as a Producer Consumer Herbivore carnivore scavenger decomposer Senorita Fish : Preditor, carnivore, Consumer Sea lion- Big Flippers, ear flap :Consumer carnivore Seals – no ear flap: Consumer carnivore Stone crab : Consumer, herbivore, scavenger Sea otter: Consumer, carnivore Nudibranch (Sea Slug): Scavenger Kelp: Producer Sea lettuce: Producer Jelly Fish:: Carnivore, Consumer Commorant: Consumer, carnivore Sea urchin: omnivore, scavengers Sea Anemone : Consumer, herbivore Coral: Consumer, omnivore Sponge: Consumer, herbibore, decomposer Sea Star: Consumer, carnivore Bacteria: Decomposer Fungus: Decomposer Humans: Consumer, Omnivore Shark: Consumer, carnivore Killer Whale: :Consumer carnivore Albatross:Consumer, Consumer, Carnivore Annahinga: Consumer, Carnivore

Mapping Identify on your map where the major Kelp beds are located. See figure 12.11

Dirty Jobs First Mike gets dirty harvesting kelp to feed abalone. Netflex

Homework What 2 items found in your kitchen contain Algae Finish Reading Module 12 to page 303 Answer OYO to 12.13 Answer Study Guide Class Quiz: Kelp Beds Class Challenge: Photo of Animal that you took Notebook Check on March 7th (Module 11)