미국의 마약류 관리제도 - FDA 와 NIDA 의 조직 및 업무 현황 의약품평가부 이선희.

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Presentation transcript:

미국의 마약류 관리제도 - FDA 와 NIDA 의 조직 및 업무 현황 의약품평가부 이선희

FDA /CDER (Center for Drug Evaluation and Research) : Controlled Substance Staff Mission 조직 업무현황 의존성 및 약물 남용성 평가법

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Mission CDER review 부서에 자문 제공 다른 정부조직에 CDER 및 FDA 의 연락책 역할을 통하여 약물 남용 위험성을 의학 · 과학에 근거한 평가 및 관 리를 통한 국민 보건 향상

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER CDER

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Organization Chart Deborah B. Leiderman, M.D. Director Sandra L. Coffin Project Specialist Michael Klein, Ph.D. Senior Interdisciplinary Scientist Scientific Revewier Corinne Moody Science Policy Analyst Senior Project Manager. Primary Contact for IND and NDA Consults James Hunter, RPh, MPH Senior Program Manager Senior Project Manager for International Scheduling Activities. Drug Shortage Liaison Silvia Calderon, Ph.D. Interdisciplinary Scientist Scientific Reviewer. Liaison to DEA for Schedule I and II Manufacturing Quotas Lin-Whei Chuang, Ph.D., Interdisciplinary Scientist, Scientific Reviewer Katherine Bonson, Ph.D. Pharmacologist Scientific Reviewer

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER 관련 정부 조직 DHHS : Department of Health and Human Services DHHS : Department of Health and Human Services FDA FDA NIH : National Institute of Health NIH : National Institute of Health NIDA : National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA : National Institute on Drug Abuse SAMHSA : Substance Abuse and Mental Health SAMHSA : Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Services Administration - 약물남용 및 정신질환이 있는 사람의 치료, 재활 - 약물남용 및 정신질환이 있는 사람의 치료, 재활

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER DHHS (Department of Health and Human Services)

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER 관련 정부 조직 DEA : Drug Enforcement Administration DEA : Drug Enforcement Administration - 통제 물질법 (controlled substances laws) 집행 - 통제 물질법 (controlled substances laws) 집행 - 통제 물질의 제조, 유통 및 불법 유통 등에 대한 형사, 민사, 사법 재판 권 - 통제 물질의 제조, 유통 및 불법 유통 등에 대한 형사, 민사, 사법 재판 권 - 국내 및 국제 시장에서 통제 물질의 불법적 거래를 - 국내 및 국제 시장에서 통제 물질의 불법적 거래를 줄이기 위한 프로그램의 지원 줄이기 위한 프로그램의 지원 ONDCP : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ONDCP : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - 행정부 소속 - 행정부 소속 년에 약물남용퇴치 법령에 따라 설립 년에 약물남용퇴치 법령에 따라 설립 - 불법 약물 사용, 제조, 불법 거래, 약물 관련 범죄 및 건강과 관련한 약 물통제 프로그램의 정책, 목표 등을 세움 - 불법 약물 사용, 제조, 불법 거래, 약물 관련 범죄 및 건강과 관련한 약 물통제 프로그램의 정책, 목표 등을 세움

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER 업무 (1) 국제적으로 drug scheduling 및 통제, drug scheduling, 남용 및 의존성과 관련한 모든 활동 의 CDER, FDA 및 DHHS 의 핵심 역할 관련기관 (DEA, ONDCP, SAMSHA 및 NIDA) 과 의 연락책 역할 Schedule I 및 II 의약품의 생산량 및 Schedule I 의약품 연구자 허가에 있어서 DEA 와의 연락책 Abuse liability 평가 및 drug scheduling 에 대 한 FDA 내 다른 부서에 조언

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER 업무 (2) 주정부, DEA 및 NIDA 와 협력하여 국제적으로 Scheduling issue 에 있어서 미국의 위상 제고 남용 및 의존성 분야에서 FDA 의 전문가 – CDER review 부서에 자문제공 및 CNS 작용 의약품 ( 남용 및 의존성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있거나 잠재성이 있는 ) 의 IND 및 NDA 에 대한 abuse liability 심사 통제 물질 및 남용 가능성이 있는 의약품에 대한 전임상 및 임상 protocol 심사

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER CDER 에 제출된 Schedule I IND 및 protocol 자문 기능 통제 약물에 대하여 다른 정부 기관과의 상호작용 시 FDA 를 대표 Schedule I IND 및 protocol 에 대하여 DHHS 및 FDA 의 DEA 와의 연락책 DEA 의 정보, 정책 및 관심사를 OND 및 CDER 에 전달 DEA 에 Schedule I 지정 시 조언을 주기 위하여 비 임상시험 (IND 의 일부 이든 아니든 ) 및 IND 임상시 험 심사 DEA 에서 Schedule I 성분을 이용한 연구 승인에 대한 최종결정

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Schedule I 및 II 물질 및 의약품의 수요 예측 의료용 및 연구목적으로 사용되는 Schedule I 및 Schedule II 원료 및 의약품의 연간 예상 사용량에 대한 정보를 DEA 에 제공 DEA 는 이 추정치로서 원료 및 의약품의 연간 제조 계 획을 수립

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Abuse liability, 약물 의존성, Risk Management 및 Drug Scheduling 에 대한 자문 제공 국내 및 국제적으로 남용 가능성이 있는 의약품의 통제 와 관련한 모든 활동에 있어서 FDA 및 CDER 의 중심 Abuse liability 평가 CSA 에 의한 drug scheduling 에 대하여 권고 FDA 및 CDER 의 연락책으로서 DEA 와의 의사 소통 시 중심

Abuse Liability Assessment and Drug Dependence: overview

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Abuse Potential Assessment Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act, 1938) Determination of Abuse Potential Labeling - Drug Abuse and Dependence Section Controlled Substances Act (CSA, 1970) Scheduling Schedule I Protocols Estimates of U.S. Medical Needs for Schedule I and II Substances

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER NDA Requirements Under FD&C Act If potential for abuse exists, the following must be included: All data pertinent to abuse of the drug Proposal for scheduling under the Controlled Substances Act Data on overdose 21 CFR § (5) (vii)

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Controlled Substances Act (CSA) 1970 Provides a role for both DEA and DHHS Establishes legal procedures Scheduling based on scientifically verified and legally defensible data Legislatively scheduled Class I substances include heroin, LSD, marijuana Examples of Class II substances include cocaine, morphine, opium, oxycodone

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Drug Classes Subject to Regulation under the CSA Opioids CNS depressants CNS stimulants Hallucinogens Cannabinoids Anabolic steroids

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Drug Scheduling Process FDA/DHHS performs scientific assessment and recommends initial schedule or change to DEA DEA schedules drugs through rule-making Schedule changes can be initiated by DEA, FDA, Congress, and by citizen or sponsor petitions Compliance with international treaties (Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Convention)

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Levels of Drug Control Five Classes or Schedules Under CSA Schedule I: Not approved in the U.S. High abuse potential (most restrictive) Special DEA license for research Schedules II-V: Approved medical use in the U.S. High (C-II) to limited (C-IV/V) physical or psychological dependence liability

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Abuse Liability Assessment Pre-IND, IND, and NDA phases Evaluation of all data Chemistry Pharmacology (animal and human) Pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics Adverse events reported in clinical trials Compare to a pharmacologically similar substance

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Abuse Potential Chemical structure Pharmaceutical characteristics Ease of synthesis Extractability Solubility CNS pharmacology Receptor Behavioral effects

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Abuse Liability Assessment Package of the NDA Includes ■ Preclinical Pharmacology ■ Human Pharmacology ■ Clinical Trial Data ■ CSA Scheduling Proposal ■ Data on Overdose

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Pharmacology - Preclinical Neuropharmacological characterization Receptor binding Animal behavioral studies Reinforcing effects (self-administration) Discriminative effects (drug discrimination) Physical dependence (withdrawal) Tolerance

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Human Pharmacology Subjective effects - drug liking Toxicity and performance impairment Tolerance Physical dependence

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Eight Factor Analysis (Required Under CSA) Actual and potential for abuse Pharmacology Other current scientific knowledge History and current pattern of abuse Scope, duration, and significance of abuse Public health risk Psychic or physiological dependence liability If an immediate precursor of a controlled substance

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER Scheduling Criteria CII-CV Drugs Approved medical use Relative potential for abuse Dependence liability

Controlled Substance Staff-CDER FDA and DEA Roles Under CSA FDA Abuse potential = risk assessment Labeling of abuse/dependence risks No control at level of prescriber, dispenser, or patient DEA Licenses CI-II manufacturers; sets quotas Regulates prescribers, dispensing pharmacies Law enforcement