Elizabeth Santini, DVM Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services 1

 Low pathogenic AI (LPAI) Mild to moderate disease Severity of disease related to environmental conditions and concurrent infections  Highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) Severe disease High mortality 2

 Wild migratory birds, waterfowl, shorebirds are natural hosts  Urban live bird markets 3

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Discoloration of Wattles and Combs 6

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8 History of HPAI in the US  ◦ H5N2; H5N8 ◦ Pacific and Mississippi flyways  1924 ◦ H7 ◦ East Coast LBMs  ◦ H5N2 ◦ Northeast: PA and VA ◦ 17 million chickens, turkeys and guinea fowl  2004 ◦ H5N2 ◦ Southcentral TX ◦ 7,000 chickens

 21 States ◦ Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska hardest hit  223 premises affected  Over 48 million birds killed  Total cost = over $500 million ◦ Turkey and laying hen losses = 1.6 billion ◦ Total economy losses = 3.3 billion ◦ 56 international trading partners have imposed bans 9

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12 HPAI At Home  Many people own back yard poultry  Biosecurity is important for everyone!  It is coming... Please be patient with us

13  Quarantine  Depopulation ◦ Indemnity  Disposal  Cleaning and Disinfection  Surveillance HPAI Control

14  Composting  Burial  Landfill  Incineration Animal Mortality Disposal

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CONTACT PDA IMMEDIATELY ! HQ 16

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 We worry a lot about the effects of HPAI, but...  Biosecurity protects animals from many other diseases Mycoplasma Salmonella Johne’s Parasites PED Hoof and Mouth 18

 Do not allow visitors free access to your animal areas  If you must have visitors who own animals, make sure they have disinfected or disposable footwear, clean clothing, and washed and/or gloved hands at a minimum  Provide footwear or a foot bath  Establish an Agricultural Biosecurity Zone 19

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‣ Boots ‣ Coveralls/clean clothing ‣ Hairnet ‣ Gloves ‣ Masks ‣ Soap and water ‣ Foot baths 21

 Remove excess dirt and manure!  Use warm water and/or high pressure water if possible  Use a disinfectant to clean boots and non-disposable equipment 22

23 Your Vehicle  Drive a clean vehicle  Catch a ride – meet at the end of the farm lane  Park away from the barn  Avoid driving through manure or runoff  Keep windows closed  Wash your vehicle between farms  72 hours between farm visits

 If you travel to countries where severe animal diseases exist … Avoid contact with any animals in those countries Do NOT go anywhere near any animals when you return for at least 48 hours. Wash all of clothing and supplies brought with you. NEVER bring back animals, animal products, or organic materials from foreign countries without specifically discussing it with USDA/APHIS 24

 Wild birds can introduce AI viruses  Most cases of LPAI in PA have occurred in pastured poultry in contact with wild waterfowl  Poultry houses near water sources are higher risk 25

 Consider harvested waterfowl and hunting equipment may be infected or contaminated  Always shower before visiting poultry after hunting or hiking in waterfowl areas and wear clean clothes and boots  C&D vehicle before entering poultry premises  Allow 72 hour down time before visiting poultry 26

 Safety first – protect yourself  PPE  If animals appear ill, consider the potential for human disease  Wash your hands and clothing 27

28 Any Questions?