Introduction to nonferrous metal and alloys Physical Metallurgy EBB222 Introduction to nonferrous metal and alloys

Overview of nonferrous metals Light weight Why nonferrous? High strength to weight ratio High temperature properties Oxidation resistance Nonferrous Corrosion resistance Biocompatibility High cost Thermal/electrical conductivity

Nonferrous metal and alloys 2 1 High temperature service Titanium Nickel Refractory alloys (molybdenum, niobium,tungsten, tantalum) Superalloys Aluminium Magnesium Copper 3 Low melting point alloy Lead Zinc Tin 4 5 Beryllium Zirconium Precious metal gold silver platinum 6 Shape-memory alloys 8 Metal Foams 7 Amorphous Alloys (Metallic Glasses) 9 Nanomaterials

General characteristics of nonferrous metals and alloy.

Nonferrous metals Aluminium and its alloys Magnesium and its alloys There are different types of nonferrous metals which are commercially used; Aluminium and its alloys Magnesium and its alloys Copper and its alloys Titanium and its alloys Nickel and its alloys Zinc and its alloys Calculate the composition of Al-Li alloy that would float on water?

World consumption Aluminium, titanium and magnesium alloys are increasingly used in recent years due to its attractive properties. The reserves for these alloys are adequate for demands in centuries to come but will be controlled by future cost. World production figure for various metals and plastics

Major chemical elements availablle in earth Aluminium is the most abundant metal in earth.

Density of metals Density (g.cm-3) Metal Iron 7.87 Steel 7.80 Aluminium 2.70 Magnesium 1.74 Titanium 4.54 Copper 8.96 Zinc 7.13 Nickel 8.89 Lead 11.36 Silver 10.49 Gold 19.32

Mechanical properties in comparison Relationship of specific 0.2% proof stress with temperature Titanium alloys have superior specific strength than steels or aluminium good for high strength where space is critical such as aircrafts

Cross sectional of a jet engine, showing various components and the alloys

Aluminium and its alloys Advantages: Building/ construction Light weight • High corrosion resistance • High electrical and thermal conductivities • High ductility • Easily deformable Containers Applications : Car body Building/construction Container Packaging Transportation Electrical conductors Machinery/equipment Light-weight bike Equipment

Magnesium and its alloys Applications Advantages: Used as alloying element for aluminium, steel and nodular (SG) cast iron. • Die casting for aerospace • Transport industry. • Light weight bodies. • Weight saving • High machinability Disadvantages: Difficulty in melting process due to high reactivity Handy cam & mobile phone bodies Magnesium side panels

Copper and its alloys Advantages: Applications High electrical conductivity • High thermal conductivity • High corrosion resistance • Good ductility and malleability • Reasonable tensile strength. • Electrical conductance • Plating on components • Give different copper alloys -brasses and bronzes. Copper plating Copper trolley wires Electronic products

Titanium and its alloys Advantages: Applications High strength to weight ratio • Moderate-high temperature properties • Corrosion resistance • Biocompatibility • Shape memory Structure of high speed aircrafts • 75% in aerospace • Chemical industry Disadvantages: Turbine blades High cost • Difficulty in extraction • Limited in high performance applications Hip-joint component National science centre, Scotland

Nickel and its alloys Advantages: Applications Tough and ductile • Good high and low temperature strength • High oxidation resistance • Good corrosion resistance Applications required necessary corrosion or heat- resisting properties • Special engineering applications • Turbine blades in combustion section Disadvantages: High cost • Not normally mixed with cheaper alloying metals Aerospace flow bodies Turbine blades

Zinc and its alloys Advantages: Applications Disadvantages: Fast rate of die casting • Excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance. • Ability to form a well-adhering coating on steel. Used for galvanic protection in steel and decorative finish. • Used in die casting. Disadvantages: • Cannot be strain hardened. Zinc diecast Zinc roof protection