Lecture 13 WEB: Go to pollev.com/ucibio TEXT: Text UCIBIO to 37607 After joining session, text your question.

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Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis

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Lecture 13 WEB: Go to pollev.com/ucibio TEXT: Text UCIBIO to After joining session, text your question

Lecture 13 objectives Apply lectin-carb interactions to cell functions Know the steps of Glycolysis Describe the logic of Glycolysis Know the overall energetics of Glycolysis Apply principles of regulation to understand how Glycolysis is regulated

Carbohydrates & Lectins

Protein recognition Proteins made? - How to “target”? Specific glycosylation pattern “mails” proteins to lysosome Function of lysosome? - - Degradative enzymes must get to lysosome! No glycosylation = ?

Protein recognition No glycosylation = ?

I-Cell disease Glycosaminoglycans, etc. form Inclusions in lysosome Degradative enzymes in blood & urine Protein stuck. Effects? I-cell disease

Putting it all together – Glycolysis Understood thermodynamics of biochemical reactions Understood reaction rates Understood how enzymes work Regulating individual reactions & pathways

So, here we go… Glycolysis Stage 1: Stage 2: Glc  Pyruvate

Glycolysis steps: Which reactions do what? Glc in cell isomer conformation into 3-C molecules to enable splitting into two 3-C molecules both 3-C molecules energy (ATP)

1. Fix Glc in cell

2. Get a cleavable molecule Need to get TWO 3C chains

2.5 Fix the isomer form

3. Cleave into 3C molecules

4. How to use BOTH molecules? Equilibrium: 96% DHAP!

5. Start energy generation phase Carbon oxidation  Phosphoryl transfer potential

6. Breakeven! Substrate level phosphorylation Carbon oxidation  Phosphoryl transfer potential

7. Wait for it…

7.5 Wait for it….

8. Profit!

1. Fix Glc in cell

2.5 Fix the isomer form

8. Profit!

Before understanding regulation… Overall reaction & importance of NADH Glc + 2ADP + 2P i + 2NAD + 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH+H + + 2H 2 0

Before understanding regulation… What is the fate of Pyruvate in cells?

Understanding regulation… Roles of Glycolysis What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells? Polysaccharides Monosaccharides Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA TCA Amino Acids Nucleotides Fru-2,6-bis-PO4 Lactic acid ATP

Regulating the pathway What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells? Positive regulators (Need MORE Glycolysis) Negative regulators (Need LESS Glycolysis)

Key regulatory points of Glycolysis