Ch. 32: World War II ( )

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Key EventSignificance German invasion of Poland (Sep. 1, 1939) -Hitler invades on pretext of taking over Polish Corridor where many Germans live -First use of German blitzkrieg tactics -Britain and France declare war against Germany -Per terms of non-aggression pact, USSR takes eastern Poland along with Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) Russo- Finnish War (Winter ) Phony War (October 1939-April 1940) Fall of France (May-June 1940)

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Key EventSignificance German invasion of Poland (Sep. 1, 1939) -Hitler invades on pretext of taking over Polish Corridor where many Germans live -First use of German blitzkrieg tactics -Britain and France declare war against Germany -Per terms of non-aggression pact, USSR takes eastern Poland along with Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) Russo- Finnish War (Winter ) -USSR invaded Finland over disputed borders and to protect Leningrad -Despite superior numbers, Russians struggle to defeat Finn  helps convince Hitler of the weakness of the USSR -Russians eventually overwhelm Finland through sheer numbers Phony War (October 1939-April 1940) Fall of France (May-June 1940)

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Key EventSignificance German invasion of Poland (Sep. 1, 1939) -Hitler invades on pretext of taking over Polish Corridor where many Germans live -First use of German blitzkrieg tactics -Britain and France declare war against Germany -Per terms of non-aggression pact, USSR takes eastern Poland along with Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) Russo- Finnish War (Winter ) -USSR invaded Finland over disputed borders and to protect Leningrad -Despite superior numbers, Russians struggle to defeat Finn  helps convince Hitler of the weakness of the USSR -Russians eventually overwhelm Finland through sheer numbers Phony War (October 1939-April 1940) -Period of inactivity along Western front as French and British forces remain behind defensive Maginot Line -Germany uses time to rebuild after battle in Poland and prepare for attack on France -April 1940: German forces overrun Denmark + Norway to gain access to raw materials and provide bases for attack on Britain Fall of France (May-June 1940)

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Key EventSignificance German invasion of Poland (Sep. 1, 1939) -Hitler invades on pretext of taking over Polish Corridor where many Germans live -First use of German blitzkrieg tactics -Britain and France declare war against Germany -Per terms of non-aggression pact, USSR takes eastern Poland along with Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) Russo- Finnish War (Winter ) -USSR invaded Finland over disputed borders and to protect Leningrad -Despite superior numbers, Russians struggle to defeat Finn  helps convince Hitler of the weakness of the USSR -Russians eventually overwhelm Finland through sheer numbers Phony War (October 1939-April 1940) -Period of inactivity along Western front as French and British forces remain behind defensive Maginot Line -Germany uses time to rebuild after battle in Poland and prepare for attack on France -April 1940: German forces overrun Denmark + Norway to gain access to raw materials and provide bases for attack on Britain Fall of France (May-June 1940) -German forces launch two-pronged assault of France, sending forces through heavily wooded Ardennes region and maneuvering around Maginot Line -Surrounded and without hope of victory, British Expeditionary Force and some French and Belgian troops escape to England from Dunkirk on French coast -Mussolini invades France and commits to Nazi-Fascist military expansion -France surrenders: northern part occupied by German troops while south becomes puppet collaborationist government based in Vichy under Marshal Petain -Charles de Gaulle escapes and becomes leader of Free French govt. in exile

Army Group B Von Bock Army Group C General Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb Army Group A Runstedt Maginot Line May 9, 1940

Army Group B Von Bock Army Group C General Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb Army Group A Runstedt Maginot Line May 10-20, 1940

Army Group B Von Bock Army Group C General Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb Army Group A Runstedt Maginot Line May 23, 1940

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 2 Key EventSignificance Battle of Britain (August 1940-May 1941) -Air war for supremacy of skies over England: German air force (Luftwaffe) tried to destroy British Royal Air Force to pave way for invasion of England -British possess radar and can break German codes, giving them advantage despite numerical inferiority -Germans switch to bombing cities and industrial centers in the “Blitz,” but fail to defeat Britain War in Africa (phase I) Operation Barbarossa German invasion of USSR The US enters the war A shaky alliance

GERMAN AIRCRAFT Messerschmitt Bf109E-4 Junkers Ju 88A-1 Heinkel He 111 P-2 Dornier Do 17Z-2 Messerschmitt Bf110C-4

BRITISH AIRCRAFT Supermarine Spitfire IA Hawker Hurricane I Bristol Beaufighter I Boulton Paul P82 Defiant I

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 2 Key EventSignificance Battle of Britain (August 1940-May 1941) -Air war for supremacy of skies over England: German air force (Luftwaffe) tried to destroy British Royal Air Force to pave way for invasion of England -British possess radar and can break German codes, giving them advantage despite numerical inferiority -Germans switch to bombing cities and industrial centers in the “Blitz,” but fail to defeat Britain War in Africa (phase I) -Mussolini invades northern Africa but is defeated by British -To support ally, Hitler sends General Rommel and Afrika Corps to Africa Operation Barbarossa German invasion of USSR The US enters the war A shaky alliance

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 2 Key EventSignificance Battle of Britain (August 1940-May 1941) -Air war for supremacy of skies over England: German air force (Luftwaffe) tried to destroy British Royal Air Force to pave way for invasion of England -British possess radar and can break German codes, giving them advantage despite numerical inferiority -Germans switch to bombing cities and industrial centers in the “Blitz,” but fail to defeat Britain War in Africa (phase I) -Mussolini invades northern Africa but is defeated by British -To support ally, Hitler sends General Rommel and Afrika Corps to Africa Operation Barbarossa German invasion of USSR -Causes: desire of Hitler to expand east (lebensraum) and destroy Communism -Massive three-pronged German assault (June 1941) conquers much of western Russia but stops short of Moscow  terrible winter conditions and increased Russian resistance bring German advance to halt The US enters the war A shaky alliance

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 2 Key EventSignificance Battle of Britain (August 1940-May 1941) -Air war for supremacy of skies over England: German air force (Luftwaffe) tried to destroy British Royal Air Force to pave way for invasion of England -British possess radar and can break German codes, giving them advantage despite numerical inferiority -Germans switch to bombing cities and industrial centers in the “Blitz,” but fail to defeat Britain War in Africa (phase I) -Mussolini invades northern Africa but is defeated by British -To support ally, Hitler sends General Rommel and Afrika Corps to Africa Operation Barbarossa German invasion of USSR -Causes: desire of Hitler to expand east (lebensraum) and destroy Communism -Massive three-pronged German assault (June 1941) conquers much of western Russia but stops short of Moscow  terrible winter conditions and increased Russian resistance bring German advance to halt The US enters the war -Americans sympathetic to British and French but remain isolationist -Lend-Lease Act (March 1941) allows president to lend/lease weapons and supplies to any country vital to US interests -German U-boats attempt to cut off supplies to Britain and Russia -FDR and Churchill issue Atlantic Charter (August 9, 1941): called for freedom from want and tyranny, freedom of thought, free trade, and national sovereignty -US enters war after Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 A shaky alliance

JAPANESE AIRCRAFT IN THE PACIFIC: Aichi D3A Val dive-bomber Nakajima B5N Kate torpedo bomber

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 2 Key EventSignificance Battle of Britain (August 1940-May 1941) -Air war for supremacy of skies over England: German air force (Luftwaffe) tried to destroy British Royal Air Force to pave way for invasion of England -British possess radar and can break German codes, giving them advantage despite numerical inferiority -Germans switch to bombing cities and industrial centers in the “Blitz,” but fail to defeat Britain War in Africa (phase I) -Mussolini invades northern Africa but is defeated by British -To support ally, Hitler sends General Rommel and Afrika Corps to Africa Operation Barbarossa German invasion of USSR -Causes: desire of Hitler to expand east (lebensraum) and destroy Communism -Massive three-pronged German assault (June 1941) conquers much of western Russia but stops short of Moscow  terrible winter conditions and increased Russian resistance bring German advance to halt The US enters the war -Americans sympathetic to British and French but remain isolationist -Lend-Lease Act (March 1941) allows president to lend/lease weapons and supplies to any country vital to US interests -German U-boats attempt to cut off supplies to Britain and Russia -FDR and Churchill issue Atlantic Charter (August 9, 1941): called for freedom from want and tyranny, freedom of thought, free trade, and national sovereignty -US enters war after Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 A shaky alliance-Britain, USA, and USSR form alliance to defeat Axis Powers -USA mobilizes population and industry for war: out-produces all other powers -Stalin demands British and US open second front to relieve pressure on USSR, but Allies debate when and where to attack

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 3 Key EventSignificance War In Africa (phase II) -British General Bernard Montgomery defeats Rommel at El Alamein in Egypt and pushes west (Oct.-Nov. 1942) -American forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower launch Operation Torch: invasion of Vichy French-controlled North Africa (November 1942) -Germans retreat from Africa by May 1943 Eastern Front Italian Front D-Day (June 6, 1944)

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 3 Key EventSignificance War In Africa (phase II) -British General Bernard Montgomery defeats Rommel at El Alamein in Egypt and pushes west (Oct.-Nov. 1942) -American forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower launch Operation Torch: invasion of Vichy French-controlled North Africa (November 1942) -Germans retreat from Africa by May 1943 Eastern Front-Germans launch new offensive in USSR in summer Battle of Stalingrad (Aug Feb. 1943) leads to terrible German defeat and turns tide of war on Eastern Front -Red Army pushes westward, driving weakened German forces before it Italian Front D-Day (June 6, 1944)

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 3 Key EventSignificance War In Africa (phase II) -British General Bernard Montgomery defeats Rommel at El Alamein in Egypt and pushes west (Oct.-Nov. 1942) -American forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower launch Operation Torch: invasion of Vichy French-controlled North Africa (November 1942) -Germans retreat from Africa by May 1943 Eastern Front-Germans launch new offensive in USSR in summer Battle of Stalingrad (Aug Feb. 1943) leads to terrible German defeat and turns tide of war on Eastern Front -Red Army pushes westward, driving weakened German forces before it Italian Front-Allies agree to open second front in Italy (called “soft underbelly of Europe” by Churchill) -Allied forces invade Sicily and then Italy (Summer 1943) -Mussolini removed from power and Italy surrenders, but German forces occupy and hold northern Italy -Italian front bogs down in difficult terrain and attention turns to invasion of France D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Heavy Tank KV T-34 Medium Tank MiG-3 Yak-1 RUSSIAN WEAPONS ON THE EASTERN FRONT,

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 3 Key EventSignificance War In Africa (phase II) -British General Bernard Montgomery defeats Rommel at El Alamein in Egypt and pushes west (Oct.-Nov. 1942) -American forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower launch Operation Torch: invasion of Vichy French-controlled North Africa (November 1942) -Germans retreat from Africa by May 1943 Eastern Front-Germans launch new offensive in USSR in summer Battle of Stalingrad (Aug Feb. 1943) leads to terrible German defeat and turns tide of war on Eastern Front -Red Army pushes westward, driving weakened German forces before it Italian Front-Allies agree to open second front in Italy (called “soft underbelly of Europe” by Churchill) -Allied forces invade Sicily and then Italy (Summer 1943) -Mussolini removed from power and Italy surrenders, but German forces occupy and hold northern Italy -Italian front bogs down in difficult terrain and attention turns to invasion of France D-Day (June 6, 1944) -Enormous Allied invasion of Normandy on northern coast of German-occupied France -Air and naval bombardment, airborne troops, and amphibious landing of infantry and armor -Despite heavy casualties, victorious Allied forces slowly push out from Normandy; liberate Paris by August 1944

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 4 Key EventSignificance War at sea and in the air -Battle of the Atlantic: German U-boats cripple Allied shipping until new technology and expanding American air and sea power end threat -Allies engage in massive bombing campaign of Germany and occupied territories (Americans by day, British by night)  many German cities destroyed and civilians killed (esp. Dresden) End of war in Europe Postwar Europe War in Pacific

B-17 “Flying Fortress” B-17 Liberator

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 4 Key EventSignificance War at sea and in the air -Battle of the Atlantic: German U-boats cripple Allied shipping until new technology and expanding American air and sea power end threat -Allies engage in massive bombing campaign of Germany and occupied territories (Americans by day, British by night)  many German cities destroyed and civilians killed (esp. Dresden) End of war in Europe -Soviets conquer Eastern Europe  invade eastern Germany, laying siege to Berlin -Battle of the Bulge (December 1944-January 1945): last desperate German offensive against Allies in Western Europe fails -Allied forces cross Rhine River into Western Germany (March 1945) -Hitler commits suicide in April  German military leaders surrender in May Postwar Europe War in Pacific

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 4 Key EventSignificance War at sea and in the air -Battle of the Atlantic: German U-boats cripple Allied shipping until new technology and expanding American air and sea power end threat -Allies engage in massive bombing campaign of Germany and occupied territories (Americans by day, British by night)  many German cities destroyed and civilians killed (esp. Dresden) End of war in Europe -Soviets conquer Eastern Europe  invade eastern Germany, laying siege to Berlin -Battle of the Bulge (December 1944-January 1945): last desperate German offensive against Allies in Western Europe fails -Allied forces cross Rhine River into Western Germany (March 1945) -Hitler commits suicide in April  German military leaders surrender in May Postwar Europe -Germany and Berlin divided and occupied by Allies powers -Soviets dominate Eastern Europe and eventually install Communist govts. -Nuremberg Trials from place surviving German leaders on trial for crimes against humanity -Fear of growing Communist influence in shattered, war-torn countries of Europe War in Pacific

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 4 Key EventSignificance War at sea and in the air -Battle of the Atlantic: German U-boats cripple Allied shipping until new technology and expanding American air and sea power end threat -Allies engage in massive bombing campaign of Germany and occupied territories (Americans by day, British by night)  many German cities destroyed and civilians killed (esp. Dresden) End of war in Europe -Soviets conquer Eastern Europe  invade eastern Germany, laying siege to Berlin -Battle of the Bulge (December 1944-January 1945): last desperate German offensive against Allies in Western Europe fails -Allied forces cross Rhine River into Western Germany (March 1945) -Hitler commits suicide in April  German military leaders surrender in May Postwar Europe -Germany and Berlin divided and occupied by Allies powers -Soviets dominate Eastern Europe and eventually install Communist govts. -Nuremberg Trials from place surviving German leaders on trial for crimes against humanity -Fear of growing Communist influence in shattered, war-torn countries of Europe War in Pacific -US forces begin offensive against Japan in Japanese fleet destroyed at Battles of Midway (June 1942) and Leyte Gulf (Oct. 1943) -American General Douglas MacArthur uses island-hopping strategy to move within striking distance of Japan -US forces fight hard, bloody battles to capture Iwo Jima and Okinawa islands -Japan surrenders after US uses atomic bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Aug. 1945

Grumman F4F Wildcat Fighter Douglas SBD Dauntless dive-bomber Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo bomber US AIRCRAFT IN THE PACIFIC:

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Name:________________________ Date:________________________ Key EventSignificance German invasion of Poland (Sep. 1, 1939) -Hitler invades on pretext of taking over ____________ where many Germans live -First use of German _________ tactics -____________________ declare war against Germany -Per terms of ___________________, USSR takes eastern Poland along with _______________________________ Russo- Finnish War (Winter ) -USSR invaded __________ over disputed borders and to protect ______________ -Despite superior numbers, Russians struggle to defeat Finn  helps convince Hitler of ______________________________________ -Russians eventually overwhelm Finland through __________________________ Phony War (October 1939-April 1940) -_________________________ along Western front as French and British forces remain behind ______________________________ -Germany uses time to _______________________ and prepare for attack on France -April 1940: German forces __________________________ to gain access to ____________________ and provide ________________________________ Fall of France (May-June 1940) -German forces launch two-pronged assault of France, sending forces _____________________________________ and maneuvering around Maginot Line -Surrounded and without hope of victory, _______________________ and some French and Belgian troops escape to England from ____________________________ -___________ invades France and commits to _____________________________ -France surrenders: ______________________ occupied by German troops while south becomes ___________________________________ under ________________ -______________________ escapes and becomes leader of __________________________________

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 2 Key EventSignificance Battle of Britain (August 1940-May 1941) -Air war for supremacy of __________________________ : German air force (_______________) tried to destroy British _____________ to pave way for ___________________________________ -British possess __________ and can break German codes, giving them advantage despite _______________________________ -Germans switch to _____________________ and industrial centers in the “__________,” but _____________________________________ War in Africa (phase I) -____________ invades northern Africa but is defeated by British -To support ally, Hitler sends ________________________________ to Africa Operation Barbarossa German invasion of USSR -Causes: desire of Hitler _________________ and ________________________ -Massive three-pronged German assault (____________) conquers much of western Russia but stops short of __________  terrible _________________________ and _______________________________ bring German advance to halt The US enters the war -Americans __________________ to British and French but _________________ - ___________________________ (March 1941) allows president to lend/lease __________________________ to any country __________________________ -______________________ attempt to cut off supplies to Britain and Russia -FDR and Churchill issue _______________ (August 9, 1941): called for freedom from ______________, freedom of thought, free trade, and national sovereignty -US enters war after ___________________________ in Hawaii on __________ A shaky alliance-_________________________ form alliance to defeat Axis Powers -USA mobilizes population and industry for war:____________________________ -Stalin demands British and US __________________________ to relieve pressure on USSR, but Allies debate _________________________________

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 3 Key EventSignificance War In Africa (phase II) -British __________________________________ defeats _________________ at ______________________ in Egypt and pushes west (Oct.-Nov. 1942) -American forces under _________________________ launch ______________: invasion of _______________________________________ (November 1942) -Germans retreat from _____________________________ Eastern Front-Germans launch new offensive in USSR in ______________________________ -_______________________________ (Aug Feb. 1943) leads to ___________________________ and ______________________ on Eastern Front -______________ pushes westward, driving weakened German forces before it Italian Front-Allies agree to open __________________________ in _________ (called __________________________________________ by Churchill) -Allied forces invade __________________________ (Summer 1943) -___________ removed from power and Italy____________, but German forces ____________________________ northern Italy -Italian front bogs down _________________ and attention turns to ___________________________ D-Day (June 6, 1944) -Enormous Allied invasion of ____________________________________________________ -Air and naval bombardment,________________________, and _______________________________ of infantry and armor -Despite heavy casualties, victorious Allied forces slowly ___________________________; liberate ________________________________

WEST & THE WORLD Ch. 32 Secs. 1,2,4: World War II Pg. 4 Key EventSignificance War at sea and in the air -________________________: German _____________ cripple Allied shipping until __________________________________________________________ end threat -Allies engage in ____________________________ of Germany and occupied territories (Americans by day, British by night)  many German cities __________________________________________ (esp. Dresden) End of war in Europe -Soviets conquer __________________  invade eastern Germany, laying ___________ -________________________ (December 1944-January 1945): last desperate German offensive against Allies in Western Europe fails -Allied forces cross ____________________ into Western Germany (March 1945) -Hitler ______________________ in April  German military leaders ______________ Postwar Europe -Germany and Berlin ____________________________ by Allies powers -Soviets dominate ____________________ and eventually install _________________ -______________________________ from place surviving German leaders on trial for ____________________________________ -Fear of growing Communist influence in shattered, war-torn countries of Europe War in Pacific -US forces begin _________________________________ in Japanese fleet destroyed at ______________________________________________________________________ -American ________________________________ uses _____________________________ to move within striking distance of Japan -US forces fight hard, bloody battles to capture ________________________ islands -Japan surrenders after US uses ___________________________ against _________________________________________ in Aug. 1945

MAJOR CONFERENCES OF WORLD WAR II ConferenceWho attended? Results Casablanca (Jan. 1943) -Roosevelt, Churchill, reps. of Stalin -FDR and Churchill agree to invade Italy to open second front -Allies will demand unconditional surrender of Germany and Japan Teheran (Nov.-Dec. 1943) -Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin -Agreement on invasion of France -Proposed that Germany be occupied by Allied powers and demilitarized after war’s end Yalta (Feb. 1945) -Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin -Eastern Europe would have coalition govts. (including Communists and non-Communists) until elections could be held -Germany would be divided into four occupation zones -Russia to enter war against Japan -United Nations established to preserve international peace *General Assembly to represent all member nations *Security Council with 5 permanent members Potsdam (July 1945) Truman, Churchill (later Clement Attlee), Stalin -Confirmed plans outlined at Yalta for division, demilitarization, and de-Nazification of Germany -Agreement that Nazi war criminals should be tried -Adjustment of German borders and population in favor of Poland -Warning to Japan to surrender or face consequences