DO NOW 2/13/15 1.Based on the handout, describe the functions of the endocrine system. 2.Professional athletes using a banned substance, Human Growth Hormone (HGH), have received a lot of attention in recent years. Write what you already know about HGH (effects on the body, athletes who have gotten caught, etc.)

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones (chemical messengers) 1. Regulation of growth, metabolism, sexual development 2. Responses to stress and injury 3. Internal balance of body systems (homeostasis)

BIG IDEA HORMONES are chemical MESSENGERS that act on target cells (or organs) Endocrine – secretions inside the body Exocrine – secretions outside the body (sweat)

MAJOR STRUCTURES

HORMONE ACTION Steroids - water soluble Non steroid hormones Prostaglandins - act locally, on nearby organs

HORMONE CONTROL The pituitary is often called the “master gland” Its actions are controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.

PITUITARY GLAND 22 = Thalamus 24 = Hypothalamus

CONTROL OF HORMONES Negative feedback system When the hormone levels rise, the organ that secretes the hormone is switched off

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM GlandLocationControlsHormones Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenals Pancreas

GlandLocationControlsHormones PituitaryAt the base of the cerebrum Signals other glands (“master gland”), growth, reproductive functions, water balance Prolactin, Oxytocin, Human Growth Hormone (HGH), Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Homone (FSH), Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) ThyroidThroatMetabolismThyroxin ParathyroidBehind the thyroid Calcium and phosphate levels Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) AdrenalsOn kidneysSalt, water, swollen joints, “fight or flight” Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Aldosterone, Cortisol PancreasBehind the stomach Glucose in blood and cells Insulin THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

PITUITARY HORMONES Prolactin - stimulates milk production from a woman's breasts after childbirth and can affect sex hormone levels from the ovaries in women and the testes in men.

Oxytocin - Oxytocin causes milk letdown in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth.

Human Growth Hormone (HGH) - stimulates growth in childhood and is important for maintaining a healthy body composition. In adults, it is also important for maintaining muscle mass and bone mass. It can affect fat distribution in the body. Currently banned by the NCAA, IOC, and professional sport leagues PITUITARY HORMONES

Problems with the pituitary gland can result in Dwarfism

Or a person can grow too much. These are pictures of the man known as “The Alton Giant”, Robert Wadlow.

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) - stimulates production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Cortisol, a so-called "stress hormone," is vital to survival. It helps maintain blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Many diet aids claim that they block cortisol levels. Cortisol from stress may lead to fat deposits in the belly. PITUITARY HORMONES

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones, which, in turn, control (regulate) the body's metabolism, energy, growth and development, and nervous system activity PITUITARY HORMONES

Luteinizing hormone (LH) - regulates testosterone in men and estrogen in women. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - promotes sperm production in men and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs (ovulate) in women. PITUITARY HORMONES

LH and FSH work together to allow normal function of the ovaries or testes. PITUITARY HORMONES (LH & FSH)

PITUITARY HORMONES Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - regulates water balance If this hormone is not secreted properly, this can lead to problems of sodium (salt) and water balance, and could also affect the kidneys so that they do not work as well.

Diuretics – increase urine production Many common foods and drinks contain chemicals that are diuretics (alcohol) Midol relieves symptoms of bloating because it contains a diuretic that will make you urinate more DIURETICS