SWBAT: Explain post-Cold War U.S. foreign policy (interventionist) & efforts to end terrorism FOREIGN POLICY POST-COLD WAR

DO NOW  On the “Unit 9 Important Dates Timeline” place “FP” next to any event that is connected to U.S. foreign policy

INTERVENTIONIST FOREIGN POLICY  How did Reagan assert US opposition to communism?  Speeches - “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”; “Evil Empire”  Limited military interventions - overthrow of the government in Grenada  Buildup of nuclear & conventional weapons - ICBMs, Strategic Defense Initiative - “Star Wars”

WHY DID THE COLD WAR BEGIN TO END?  Increased U.S. military spending  Buildup of ICBMs  Reagan’s diplomatic initiatives (aka ?)  Relationship with Mikhail Gorbachev  Political & economic issues in Eastern Europe & Soviet Union  Gorbachev’s glasnost & perestroika (“openness”)

END OF COLD WAR IMPACTS  New diplomatic relationships - expansion of NATO  Peacekeeping interventions - Iraq in 1991, bombings in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia  Arms reduction by both superpowers  Debates over America’s role in the world - could be connected to foreign policy pre and post-WWII

U.S. PRESENCE IN MIDDLE EAST

WAR ON TERRORISM “Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. foreign policy efforts focused on fighting terrorism around the world.”  Attacks on 9/11  Al-Qaeda led attack on US - World Trade Center, Pentagon, and in PA  Conflict in Afghanistan  Response to the Taliban holding Osama bin Laden  lengthy conflict  Conflict in Iraq  US-led conflict against Saddam Hussein  suspected WMDs & connections to terrorism

WAR ON TERRORISM  Guantànamo (“Gitmo”) Detention Center  Set up at naval base in Cuba for people captured in Afghanistan or otherwise accused of terrorism (January 2002)  Over 770 detained, 80 remain  Right to choose a lawyer & see evidence do not apply  American citizens denied a lawyer if declared “enemy combatants”  Warning to Americans: “watch what you say”

WAR ON TERRORISM  Airport security changes:  Improved security on aircraft (cockpit doors)  Improved security screening (individuals & baggage)  Identification checks  Boston Marathon bombing and manhunt

IMPACTS OF THE WAR ON TERRORISM  Hoped to improve security in the US  Raised questions about protection of civil liberties & human rights  Civil Liberties - Patriot Act, increases power of the federal government to wiretap without warrant  “Roving wiretap” - focuses on the person, not the device  Edward Snowden Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001

Bush  “Bush Doctrine”- America commits to a war against terrorism  USA PATRIOT Act Obama  “New Beginning”- pledge to emphasize diplomacy, not war AMERICAN POLICY SINCE 9/11   Was Iraq another Vietnam for the U.S.?   How did the war on terror expand the powers of the president?

ENVIRONMENTAL DEBATES  Debates over fossil fuels & environmental impacts:  Caused by:  Conflict in the Middle East - 1st Gulf War  Concerns about Climate Change - An Inconvenient Truth

WRAP UP  How did Ronald Reagan interact with the Soviet Union in the 1980s?  What led to the “war on terror” and what were its impacts domestically & internationally?  Complete “Contextualization & Synthesis: September 11, 2001” ? President Bush announcing May 10, 2003, the end of combat operations in Iraq…

TEST TIPS  Multiple-Choice and Short Answer  US-Soviet Relations - especially w/ Gorbachev  US in post-Cold War world  Essay Topics:  Not exclusively on this time period  Part of bigger theme  Cold War policy - End of the War  Civil Liberties post-WWII - Present  Foreign policy post WWII - debates/changes