What are the Effects of Osmosis? If you place a cell in a solution (mixture of 2 substances) Three things can happen. 1. Isotonic solution –When the concentration of water is the same inside and outside cell 2. Hypotonic solution- When there is a higher concentration of water outside cell, so water moves into cell 3. Hypertonic solution- when there is a higher concentration of water inside cell, so water moves out of cell

Isotonic Solution –Balanced conditions –No difference between cell & environment example: blood water flows across membrane equally, in both directions volume of cell doesn’t change

Hypotonic Solution Higher concentration of water outside cell, so water moves into cell A cell in fresh water example: Paramecium problem: gains water, swells & can burst solution: contractile vacuole –pumps water out of cell “Hyp-o” – High in H20! Hipp-o, “O”

Hypertonic Solution Higher concentration of water inside cell, so water moves out of cell –a cell in salt water –example: shellfish –problem: lose water shrinking cell –solution: take up water “Hy-per” – High in particles

cell drinking-engulfing small particles.Pinocytosis- cell drinking-engulfing small particles. Phagocytosis- Cell engulfing- ex Lysosomes fuse with a bacteria for digestionPhagocytosis- Cell engulfing- ex Lysosomes fuse with a bacteria for digestion Cyclosis- Movement of the cytoplasmCyclosis- Movement of the cytoplasm

Methods of Transport Passive transport- movement from High to low concentration. No energy is used –This is also called Simple diffusion Active transport- movement from low to high –A. needs energy –B. opposite of simple diffusion

Simple Diffusion-Passive Transport Move from HIGH to LOW concentration –“passive transport” –no energy needed –Which way will molecules flow?

Active transport Cells may need molecules to move against concentration difference –need to pump “uphill” from LOW to HIGH using ATP –protein pump –requires energy ATP

Transport summary