1. What are the Effects of Osmosis?
If you place a cell in a solution (mixture of 2 substances) Three things can happen.
1. Isotonic solution –When the concentration of water is the same inside and outside cell
2. Hypotonic solution- When there is a higher concentration of water outside cell, so water moves into cell
3. Hypertonic solution- when there is a higher concentration of water inside cell, so water moves out of cell

2. Methods of Transport
Passive transport- movement from High to low concentration. No energy is used
This is also called Simple diffusion
Active transport- movement from low to high
A. needs energy
B. opposite of simple diffusion

3. Pinocytosis- cell drinking-engulfing small particles.
Phagocytosis- Cell engulfing- ex Lysosomes fuse with a bacteria for digestion
Cyclosis- Movement of the cytoplasm

4. Simple Diffusion-Passive Transport
Move from HIGH to LOW concentration
“passive transport”
no energy needed
Which way will molecules flow?

5. Active transport
Cells may need molecules to move against concentration difference
need to pump “uphill”
from LOW to HIGH using ATP
protein pump
requires energy ATP

6. Transport summary

7. Isotonic Solution Balanced conditions
no difference between cell & environment
example: blood
problem: none
water flows across membrane equally, in both directions
volume of cell doesn’t change

8. Hypotonic Solution Freshwater a cell in fresh water
example: Paramecium
problem: gains water, swells & can burst
water continually enters Paramecium cell
solution: contractile vacuole
pumps water out of cell

9. Hypertonic Solution Saltwater a cell in salt water example: shellfish
problem: lose water
plasmolysis in plants
shrinking cell
solution: take up water