MUGHAL EMPIRE

 The Mughal Empire was an empire that at its greatest territorial extent ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, then known as Hindustan.  It also parts of what is now Afghanistan and the Baluchistan region.  It was established in 1526, enjoyed expansion and consolidation until about 1707 and survived, even if in drastically attenuated form, until INTRODUCTION:

SOME MUGHAL EMPIRES Babur Humayun Akbar Jahangir Shah Jahan Aurangzeb Bahadur Shah

EUROPE

INTRODUCTION Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia. Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square kilometers (3,930,000 sq. mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Europe consists of approximately 50 countries. Europe, in particular ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture. It played a predominant role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism.

Comparison OF MUGHUL EMPIRE AND EUROPE

RELIGION OF MUGHUL EMPIRE The Mughal ruling class was Muslims, although most of the subjects of the Empire were Hindu. Akbar was quite possibly the emperor with the most tolerance for Hindus. He abolished the discriminatory taxes on Hindus and even included non-Muslims in his group of advisors Then, in 1581, he created the Divine Faith, a mixture of his own ideas and those from the debates. Akbar ‘s bold attempts at religious reform encouraged many Hindus to believe they could live in peace with their conquerors As other rulers came to power, the religious tolerance that Akbar had created started to diminish.

RELIGION OF EUROPE The largest religion in Europe for at least a millennium and a half has been Christianity. Three countries in Southeastern Europe have Muslim majorities. Smaller religions include Buddhism, Judaism, Indian religions, and some East Asian religions, which are found in their largest groups in Britain, France, and Kalmykia.

CULTURE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE 1)painting and arts,mughals are profound of painting and arts we find many painting of that era. 2)During the mughals period,especially under akbar's regin,temple music took a backseat and darbar sangeet came int being. music was composed mainly to sing praise of the master.there were numerous musician.the main instrument were saramandal, bin, nay, karna,tanpura.

CULTURE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE 3) Mughals belong to Islamic religions but later they add some new faith in Islamic religion which is called "Deen e ellahi" but later on Islam was rise again at this region. 4) They speaks Persian, Hindi. At the era of mughals empire new language created that is Urdu. which is also a language of mughals. 5) Under the Mughals all form of literature flourished, from poetry to popular Sufi verses to learned prose and historiography.

CULTURE OF EUROPE 1)The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from antiquity. It was primarily concerned with representational and Classical modes of production. Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest painter, Mona Lisa is the best creation of him. 2)Europeans also love music.they listen Classical, folks, popular music.

CULTURE OF EUROPE 3) Christianity is the largest religion of Europe while, Islam,Judaism etc also a religion of Europe. 4) In Europe,different place have their different language. which are English, Spanish, French, German etc.

ECONOMY OF MUGHAL EMPIRE The creation of a road system and a uniform currency, along with the unification of previously disparate territories, allowed for a strong economy under Mughal rule. The Mughal emperors were enthusiastic patrons of the arts, and their vast royal treasuries funded many cultural achievements.

ECONOMY OF EUROPE The two most important developments in the European economy during the period of mughals,Reformation were the rise in prices and the shift from trade centered on the Mediterranean to one centered on the Atlantic. Also significant was the creation of money markets and in general an increasing sophistication in business practices, a solidification in the divide between eastern and western European agricultural systems, the emergence of a handful of economically dominant cities, and a strong development of rural industry. We'll be taking a look at all these. in later 18th century this had gone on for so long and was so obvious that even the economists noticed it, and writers from Thomas Malthus onward spun theories as to why the European economy more or less topped out. In 18th century, and in the 1780s was joined by equally significant developments in industry, and the world was about to change forever.

COMPARISION AT THE TIME OF JALAL-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR

Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar also known as Akbar I or Akbar the Great was Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India. He built Fatehpur sikri which was his famous work. JALAL-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR

BRIEF HISTORY OF FATEHPUR SIKRI Fatehpur Sikri is located UTTAR PRADESH at 35 km away from agra on the vindhya mountain. Fatehpur Sikri and built by Maharaja sangram singh who is the last emperor of Rajput Raja.Akbar attacks at this city many times but when he attacks at seventh time Rajput left the city Sikrigrah and because of these sikrigrah was named fatehpur sikri(victory on sikri). So this is a small story that how fatehpur sikri was named. He built this Palace for his beloved queen Jodha Akbar.

EUROPE Oxford and Cambridge Act At the same time Oxford and Cambridge Act 1571 was presented. Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU) Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU) was established in It is affiliated with 6 Nobel Prize winners, most recently in 2000.

University of Évora University of Évora the second oldest in Portugal, was founded in the 16th century (1559) by Cardinal Infante Dom Henrique (the future king of Portugal), and by the Pope Paul IV, and it was delivered to the Society of Jesus.

Comparison AT THE TIME OF Jahangir

JAHANGIR Nur-ud-din Mohammad Salim, known by his imperial name Jahangir (30 August 1569 – 7 November 1627), was the fourth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in Jahangir was the eldest surviving son of Mughal Emperor Akbar and was declared successor to his father from an early age.

HIRAN MINAAR Hiran Minar is set in peaceful environs near Lahore in Sheikhupura, Pakistan. It was constructed by Emperor Jahangir as a monument to Mansraj, one of his pet deer. The structure consists of a large, almost-square water tank with an octagonal pavilion in its center.

EUROPE BODLEIAN LIBRARY OXFORD Oxford’s libraries are among the most celebrated in the world, not only for their incomparable collections of books and manuscripts, but also for their buildings. Among them the Bodleian, the chief among the University’s libraries, has a special place. It is established in These buildings are still used by students and scholars from all over the world, and they attract an ever-increasing number of visitors, for whose benefit this guide has been written.

UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN University of Groningen located in the city of Groningen, was founded in It is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands as well as one of its largest. Since its inception more than 200,000 students have graduated.

Comparison AT THE TIME OF Shah Jahan

January 1592 – 22 January 1666) was the fifth Mughal Emperor of India. He is also known as Shah Jahan I. He ruled from 1628 until Born Prince Khurram, he was the son of Emperor Jahangir. The period of his reign was the golden age of Mughal architecture. Shah Jahan erected many splendid monuments, the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, built in 1632–1654 as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. the Red Fort in Delhi also commemorate him. SHAH JAHAN

TAJ MAHAL The TAJ MAHAL "crown of palaces“, is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage. In 1631, Shah Jahan, emperor during the Mughal empire's period of greatest prosperity, was grief-stricken when his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, a Persian princess, died. Construction of the Taj Mahal began in The principal mausoleum was completed in 1648 and the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later in 1653.

Red Fort The Red Fort was the residence of the Mughal emperor of India for nearly 200 years, until It is located in the centre of Delhi and houses a number of museums. Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort in 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Construction began in the sacred month of Muharram, on 13 May Supervised by Shah Jahan, it was completed in 1648.

EUROPE HAWARD COLLEGE Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was initially called "New College" or "the college at New Towne". In 1638 the school received a printing press—​the only press in North America until Harvard acquired a second in In 1639, the college was renamed Harvard College.

DOWNFALLOf Mughal EMpire

Mughal Empire which was established in 1526 by Zainuddin Babar had been disintegrated by 1857 at the hand of British. The weak administrated, easy going army, over confidence of Mughal rulers, war or succession among the Mughal, the weak economic condition, absence of Islamic teaching, absence of strong naval force and a consolidated educational system were responsible for downfall of Mughal Empire. As Asian empires slowly declined in wealth and power in the early modern era, European countries competed, strengthened, and expanded. Technological advances led the way. The advent of cannons and firearms quickened the centralization of state governments in Europe.

RISE OF EUROPE

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines. This revolution had come to Europe widely due to their Education.

Metallurgy and Steam power. Machine tools and Chemicals.

Scientific revolution The scientific revolution was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed views of society and nature.

Force and Gravitation: Newton stated the three universal laws of motion that contributed to many advances during the Industrial Revolution which soon followed and were not to be improved upon for more than 200 years. Newton also developed the theory of gravitation which is called Newton Law of Universal Gravitation.