Diagrams & Terms Chapter 43

Match the Terms 1.General term: engulfs, traps & digests invader 2.Protein that a virus-infected cell secretes, inducing nearby cells to inhibit viral reproduction 3.Protein that tags antigens for destruction 4.Type of WBC, originates from stem cells in bone marrow, general term 5.Circulate in blood, are attracted by signals, engulf & destroy pathogens 6.Lymphocytes that mature & remain in blood, release chemicals to destroy abnormal cells 7.Found beneath mucousal surfaces, defend against multicellular invaders using destructive enzymes. 8.Lymphocytes for viruses inside host cells 9.Populate tissues that contact the environment, stimulate adaptive immunity 10.Proteins circulate through blood in an inactive state, activated by surfaces of microbes, begins reactions that lead to lysis of microbe 11.Lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow 12.Any foreign substance that stimulates an immune response 13.Large eaters, migrate through body or remain permanently in certain tissues/organs A.Eosinophils B.Antigen C.B cells D.Antibody E.Lymphocytes F.Complement System G.Natural killer cells H.T cells I.Neutrophils J.Dendritic cells K.Macrophages L.Phagocytic cell M.Interferons

Figure Pathogen Splinter Mast cell Macro- phage Capillary Red blood cells Neutrophil Signaling molecules Movement of fluid Phagocytosis Local Inflammatory Response

Cytoplasm of B cell Antigen- binding site B cell antigen receptor B cell Light chain Disulfide bridge Antigen- binding site Variable regions Constant regions Transmembrane region Heavy chains Plasma membrane C C C C V V V V Figure 43.9

T cell antigen receptor T cell Cytoplasm of T cell Plasma membrane  chain  chain Disulfide bridge Antigen- binding site Variable regions Constant regions Transmembrane region V V C C Figure 43.11

Figure Displayed antigen fragment MHC molecule Antigen fragment Pathogen Host cell T cell T cell antigen receptor (a) Antigen recognition by a T cell (b) A closer look at antigen presentation Antigen fragment MHC molecule Host cell Top view

DNA of undifferentiated B cell DNA of differentiated B cell Recombination deletes DNA between randomly selected V segment and J segment Functional gene Transcription RNA processing Translation pre-mRNA mRNA Light-chain polypeptide Antigen receptor B cell Variable region Constant region 2341 Poly-A tail Cap V 39 J5J5 J5J5 V 37 V 38 V 39 V 37 V 38 V 39 V 40 J5J5 J5J5 J4J4 J3J3 J2J2 J1J1 Intron V C C C C C C C C C V V V V Figure 43.13

Antigen Antigen receptor Antibody Plasma cells Memory cells B cells that differ in antigen specificity Figure 43.14

Primary immune response to antigen A produces antibodies to A. Secondary immune response to antigen A produces antibodies to A; primary immune response to antigen B produces antibodies to B. Exposure to antigen A Exposure to antigens A and B Time (days) Antibody concentration (arbitrary units) Antibodies to A Antibodies to B Figure 43.15

Figure Antigen- presenting cell Pathogen Antigen fragment Class II MHC molecule Accessory protein Antigen receptor Helper T cell Cytokines Humoral immunity Cell- mediated immunity B cell Cytotoxic T cell 321    

Figure Cytotoxic T cell 312 Accessory protein Class I MHC molecule Infected cell Antigen receptor Antigen fragment Perforin Pore Gran- zymes Released cytotoxic T cell Dying infected cell

Figure Pathogen 312 Antigen-presenting cell Antigen fragment Class II MHC molecule Antigen receptor Accessory protein Helper T cell B cell Cytokines Activated helper T cell Memory B cells Plasma cells Secreted antibodies 

Figure IgE Allergen Histamine Granule Mast cell

Figure 43.23

Latency AIDS Helper T cell concentration Years after untreated infection Helper T cell concentration (in blood (cells/mm 3 ) Relative anti-HIV antibody concentration Relative HIV concentration Figure 43.25

Figure 43.26