Transport in Plants Name the two transport tissues in a plant. Which transport tissue carries sugars around the plant? Where are the sugars transported from and to in a plant? Which transport tissue carries water through the plant? Where is water transported from and to in a plant? What is the main difference between the cells of the two transport systems?

Water Transport in Plants Stomata from key science Attenbrough transpiration

Transpiration Transpiration is the evaporation of water from leaves, driven by heat energy from the sun. The water vapour leaves the leaves through the stomata. The evaporation in leaves causes water to be sucked up the xylem vessels in the stem and roots. The water is replaced by more water from the soil, absorbed into the root cells by osmosis. This continuous upward flow of water is known as the transpiration stream.

The Potometer A potometer measures the rate of transpiration. As water evaporates from the leafy shoot water is drawn up through the cut stem from the capillary tube, so the air bubble moves down. The faster the rate of transpiration, the faster the bubble moves.

Investigating the Rate of Transpiration Copy and complete this table Factor Effect on rate of transpiration Why? Temperature Humidity Wind speed Light Intensity

Investigating the Rate of Transpiration Factor Effect on rate of transpiration Why? Temperature Increase Heat increases kinetic energy of water molecules, so more water evaporates. Humidity Wind speed Light Intensity

Investigating the Rate of Transpiration Factor Effect on rate of transpiration Why? Temperature Increase Heat increases kinetic energy of water molecules, so more water evaporates. Humidity Decrease wetter air means less water evaporates. Wind speed Light Intensity

Investigating the Rate of Transpiration Factor Effect on rate of transpiration Why? Temperature Increase Heat increases kinetic energy of water molecules, so more water evaporates. Humidity Decrease wetter air means less water evaporates. Wind speed Wind replaces wet air with dry air, so more water evaporates.  Light Intensity

Investigating the Rate of Transpiration Factor Effect on rate of transpiration Why? Temperature Increase Heat increases kinetic energy of water molecules, so more water evaporates. Humidity Decrease wetter air means less water evaporates. Wind speed Wind replaces wet air with dry air, so more water evaporates.  Light Intensity Light causes stomata to open (for photosynthesis) so more water evaporates.

Investigating the Rate of Transpiration What is the apparatus in the diagram actually measuring? What do you think would happen to the air bubble in the capillary tube if you turned a fan onto the leaves of the plant? Explain your answer. Which part of the leaves helps to prevent them from losing too much water under normal conditions? If the top surfaces of the leaves were coated with vaseline, how do you think it would affect the rate at which the plant takes up and loses water? If the bottom surfaces of the leaves were coated with vaseline, how do you think it would affect the rate at which the plant takes up and loses water?

Examining Root Hair Cells Place a fresh cress or broad been seedling with an intact root onto a microscope slide. Put a drop of water on the root and examine using a hand lens. The root should look hairy. Place another microscope slide on top and squash gently to spread out the root cells Place a coverslip over the root and examine under the microscope at low power. Draw some of the root hairs. Don’t forget to write the magnification.

Root Hair Cells What is the role of root hair cells? How are they adapted for this role?

Root Hair Cells

Uptake of Water by Roots soil xylem Draw arrows on your diagram to show the movement of water into the root. Explain how water is absorbed by root hair cells (use page 127).

Water Transport in Plants Copy and fill in the gaps Root hair cells greatly ________ the _______ area of the root for the uptake of _____. Water ______ the root hair cells by _______, because the root cell cytoplasm is more __________ than the soil. Mineral ions are at a very ___ concentration in the soil. They are moved into the root hair cells ___ their concentration gradient. This transport is done using ______ _________, using ______ made in __________.