Cotton Production Breakout Section Breakout Discussion Topics Burndown Roundup Ready Flex Liberty Link Tropical Spiderwort

No. 1 Recommended Burndown Program*  Feb/Early March: 0.5 to 1 pt 2,4-D for primrose 1 to 1.5 pt 2,4-D for radish 1.5+ pt 2,4-D for horseweed (resistant?)  Follow with non-selective herbicide alone or with residual near planting *2,4-D product is a 4 lb ai/gal

Other Recommended Burndown Program* 1. Primrose (after full bloom): Gramoxone + Direx Ignite Roundup + Valor 2. Wild Radish Roundup + Harmony Extra Gramoxone + Direx (full bloom) Roundup + Valor (full bloom)

Joel Faircloth, VT, 2005 Cotton Growth as Impacted by Time of Killing Cover Crop in a Dry Environment Cover killed 21 d ahead of planting Cover killed less than 10 d ahead of planting

Roundup Ready Flex: How much does it cost? Are the varieties any good? When can I spray overtop? Will I benefit from other herbicides? PRE? POST? Can I mix the kitchen sink with it?

planting harvest 4 leafLayby60% open bolls Roundup Ready ® Flex Cotton In-season; emergence to 60% open 4.5 lb a.e. total in-crop Max of 1.13 lb a.e. per application  Maximum of 4.5 lb ae/A from emergence to 60% open, or 128 oz W.Max or O.Max  Maximum of 1.13 lb a.e. per application, or 32 oz W.Max or O.Max  Maximum of 1.5 lb a.e. (44 oz W.Max or O.Max) from layby to 60% open  No restrictions on timing of sequential applications  Maximum of 1.5 lb a.e. (44 oz W.Max or O.Max) from 60% open till 7 days preharvest 1.5 lb a.e. 7 days Preharvest What Products to Use?

Generic, Old WMax or OMax?

RR or RR Flex Cotton Will I benefit from a PRE herbicide? - Control Florida pusley

RR or RR Flex Cotton Will I benefit from a PRE herbicide? - Control Florida pusley - T iming of first glyphosate less critical - Protect against early season competition

When should control be initiated?

Early Season Weed Competition 2 inch weeds 5 inch weeds 8 inch weeds Application Timing

Untreated3- and 7-leaf 7-leaf Time of first application In RR Flex, Clayton 2004 YORK

Untreated3- and 7-leaf 7-leaf Time of first application In RR Flex, Clayton 2004 YORK

RR Flex Seed Cotton LB/A Response to Time of WeatherMax Application.* Time of initial glyphosate application * Weed control complete after initial application was begun. Waiting till 4.5 leaf was 24% loss. Tifton, GA a 2816 b

Critical Timing of Weed Removal (when must weed control start?) Yield (lbs/A) Weeks after planting Y=1151*(1-exp -6.7*exp -0.42*weeks ) R 2 =0.99 Burton, Wilcut, & Burke

Roundup Ready Flex: Will I benefit from a PRE herbicide? - Control Florida pusley - Protect against early season competition - T iming of first glyphosate less critical - PUT IT IN YOUR PROGRAM as part of resistance management strategy

No ProwlProwl PRE Delaying Resistance Is Now Priority

Roundup Ready Flex: Will I benefit from a POST tank mix? - Options include: Dual Magnum Staple Envoke (maybe labeled in 06??)

Roundup Ready Flex: Will I benefit from a POST tank mix? Dual PRE spiderwort pigweeds grasses doveweed nutsedge? RESISTANCE MGMT Staple POST morningglory sesbania RR Palmer Staple PRE pigweeds morningglory starbur Envoke POST morningglory sesbania nutsedge Envoke PRE pigweeds morningglory starbur

Weed Response to the RESIDUAL of Envoke at 23 DAT. % control *Attapulgus, GA. Irrigated within 24 hr of application.

Palmer response to the residual of Staple, Envoke, or Metolachlor mixed with Roundup. 42 DAT. % control *Attapulgus, GA. Treatments mixed with Roundup and applied to 4 leaf cotton. Roundup provided complete initial control. Irrigated within 24 hr of application. 54 c 72 b 92 a 88 a

New Staple Formulation for 2006 Staple LX, replaces Staple SP Liquid formulation, 3.2 lb/gal 0.8 oz SP = 1.7 fl oz LX 1.2 oz SP = 2.55 fl oz LX No university trials

Roundup Ready Flex: How much does it cost? Are the varieties any good? When can I spray overtop? Will I benefit from other herbicides? PRE? POST? Can I mix in the kitchen sink? Can I cut up my directed sprayer for scrap iron?

Impact of mixing insecticides with herbicides over-the-top of Flex cotton. HERBICIDE Roundup Roundup + Dual Mag (1 pt) Roundup + Staple (0.8 oz) INSECTICIDE/PGR None Dimethoate (8 oz) Orthene (0.5 lb) Bidrin (6 oz) Mustang Max (3.6 oz) Vydate (17 oz) Diamond (9 oz) Tri-Max (1.5 oz) Tracer (2.1 oz) Pix ( 8 oz) Conducted at Tifton, Statesboro, and NC.

Tank mixes of Dual, Staple, and insecticides with glyphosate on Flex cotton, NC NC Results: Cotton response  No response to insecticides alone with R’up  Typical leaf speckling with Dual  Somewhat greater Dual leaf speckling when Mustang Max, Diamond, or Vydate mixed with Dual; still minor injury  Typical minor stunting with Staple; adding insecticides did not increase it

Impact of mixing insecticides with herbicides over-the-top of Flex cotton.  Little to no injury in Statesboro  No injury in Tifton with Roundup alone mixed with Insecticides/PGR’s

Cotton Response to Glyphosate + Dual* heavy dew no dew *Application with dew applied 7 am. Application without dew applied 11 am.

Impact of mixing insecticides with herbicides over-the-top of Flex cotton.^ *Denotes more injury than herbicide alone. ^Visual injury 3 d after 2 nd application except with Pix. % injury Roundup plus Dual Magnum nonenone DimethoateDimethoate OrtheneOrthene BidrinBidrin Mustang MaxMustang Max VydateVydate DiamondDiamond Tri-MaxTri-Max PixPix * * * * TracerTracer *

Impact of mixing insecticides with herbicides over-the-top of Flex cotton.^ % injury Roundup plus Staple nonenone DimethoateDimethoate OrtheneOrthene BidrinBidrin Mustang MaxMustang Max VydateVydate DiamondDiamond Tri-MaxTri-Max PixPix * TracerTracer *Denotes more injury than herbicide alone. ^Visual injury 3 d after 2 nd application except with Pix.

New Ignite Formulation Ignite 280 SL 280 g/L active 2.34 lb/gal active 22 to 29 fl oz/acre Old Ignite 1.67 lb/gal 32 to 40 fl oz/acre

non-treated Ignite

Ignite 1- to 2-leaf Ignite 3- to 4-leaf Ignite 6-leaf Ignite 6-leaf No PRE Herbicide YORK

Pigweeds must be small for Ignite

Prowl PRE, Ignite 2-leaf and 6-leaf, Caparol + MSMA layby. Clayton, NC 2004 YORK

Ignite Herbicide Limited translocation in plants Spray coverage critical 15+ GPA flat fans only PSI Air induction nozzles not recommended

Strengths of Ignite in LL Cotton Excellent crop tolerance Good control of most broadleaf weeds Poor on Florida pusley Weak on pigweeds unless small Weak on tropical spiderwort Weak on most grasses unless small Inadequate on nutsedge and goosegrass

Liberty Link Cotton System  PRE herbicide recommended  Timely Ignite application a.With PRE, can usually delay first application to 3- to 4-leaf cotton b.Second Ignite weeds < 3 inches, usually 5- to 8-leaf cotton  Conventional layby

Tank Mixes with Ignite Post grass herbicides -- NO Dual Magnum* -- okay Staple* -- okay * Do NOT mix Dual and Staple

Spiderworts Rank as Georgia’s Most Troublesome Weed in Cotton 1999: not ranked 2001: 9 th 2002: # : # 1, 2, and 3

Tropical Spiderwort in Georgia map confirmed by the GA Dept of Ag

Blue = 2004 sites confirmed Black = 2005 sites confirmed

Spiderwort Response to Roundup* 1.0 X none 1.5 X none 2.0 Xnone 3.3 Xnone *Pictures 15 d after treatment. No plants died from any treatment. Six inch at time of application.

Estimated Glyphosate-Resistant Planted Acres. % Acres

1)94% Roundup Ready 2)44% strip-till 3)Greater than 88% not cultivated 4)Trends away from effective residual herbicides Why Has This Dramatic Shift to Spiderwort Occurred?

Strip-Tillage Brecke, 05

Tillage Impact on Tropical Spiderwort Cotton & Peanut Brecke, 05

Strip-Tillage Cotton Brecke, 05

Conventional Tillage Cotton Brecke, 05

Cotton Herbicide Options PRE Caparol Cotoran Direx Prowl Staple Zorial Topical Cotoran Dual Envoke Ignite Roundup Staple Directed* Aim Caparol Cobra Direx Harvade Layby Pro MSMA Suprend Valor * Directed options also include all topical herbicides

Spiderwort Response to Residual Herbicides. Grady Co, 5 Loc., 2002, 2003, % control *Similar results noted with Direx and Caparol in 2003; Direx more effective in Dual Mag. 1 pt/A Dual Mag. 1.5 pt/A Cotoran 2-3 pt/A Direx* 2-3 pt/A Valor 2 oz/A Staple 0.8 oz/A 22 to 26 DAT LSD = 7

Layby Herbicides With POST Control. Grady Co, % control Roundup Aim + COC Roundup + Aim Direx + MSMA Valor + MSMA 7 DAT LSD = 12 Roundup + Valor *Prowl PRE, Roundup early POT

August 1 emergence after controlling 10 days earlier

Layby Herbicides With POST Control. Grady Co, % control Roundup Aim + COC Roundup + Aim Direx + MSMA Valor + MSMA 60 DAT LSD = 10 Roundup + Valor *Prowl PRE, Roundup early POT

Layby Herbicides With POST Control. Grady Co, % control Roundup + Aim Direx + MSMA 60 DAT LSD = 10 *Prowl PRE, Roundup POT Roundup + Aim + Dual Mag. Direx + MSMA + Dual Magnum

Cotton Herbicide Program Relies on Dual Magnum Residual TopicalDirected* Dual Magnum

Dual Program Easy to Implement? 1. Severe injury can occur if applied PRE to cotton

Dual Magnum PRE Do Not Use Dual PRE on Georgia Soils

Dual Program Easy to Implement? 1.Severe injury can occur if applied PRE to cotton 2.Must apply after cotton emerged

Dual Program Easy to Implement? 1.Severe injury can occur if applied PRE to cotton 2.Must apply after cotton emerged 3.Doesn’t rain doesn’t work 4.Rains more than an inch or two control <20 d 5.Increased weed management cost at least 25 to 50%, whether it works or not.

1.Plant early 2.Plant aggressively growing cultivar (shade soil early) 3.Reduce seed production after other crops!!!!!!! 4.Reduce the alarming rate of spread!!!!!!!! 5. Cotoran PRE (if planting at or near time of emergence) 6. POST herbicide needs to include Dual 7. Layby herbicide options Aim, Direx, Valor, MSMA Dual also needed at layby for many fields 2006 Cotton Program

Tropical Spiderwort Response to Dual Systems at Harvest.* Two Loc *Prowl applied PRE over trial. % control 86 a 53 c 80 a 69 b 67 b

RU + Dual 16 oz EPOST fb RU RU + Dual 12 oz Sequentially Control 17 Days After Treatment.

Southern Root-knot Nematode Infestations

COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS?