1. Cotton Production Workshop
New Herbicides
Burndown
Early Season Weed Control
Late-Season Weed Control
Nutsedge
Morningglorries
Grasses and Pigweeds
Tropical Spiderwort
Photo from Webster, Grady Co. 2003

2. Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary
Envoke Positioning
New broad-spectrum herbicide for post emergence and post-directed weed control
Can be used on conventional, RR and BXN cotton
Excellent activity on many weeds
sicklepod,
morningglory,
cocklebur,
nutsedge
Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

3. Zorial PRE + Envoke 0.0047 LB A/A
14 DAT

4. Control of 4-trifoliate RR soybean to Staple and Envoke. 35 DAT
Control of 4-trifoliate RR soybean to Staple and Envoke. 35 DAT. York, 2002.
No Staple oz oz oz oz
or Envoke Staple Envoke Envoke Envoke

5. Major Weed Concerns with Envoke
Suppression
Croton
Palmer
Peanut
NO Control
Sida
Groundcherry
Pusley
Smallflower mg
Grasses
Spiderwort

6. Smallflower Morningglory Control. 14 DAT. Turner Co.
glyphosate Envoke

7. Application Information, cont.
Application timing is fully expanded fifth-leaf stage cotton or later.
Additives-post over the top of cotton
Tank mixes with surfactants other than high quality NIS with a minimum of 80% surface active agent may cause injury
Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

8. Brown 2DAT. RDC, 2003.

9. Application Information, cont.
Additives-post over the top of cotton
Tank mixes with surfactants other than high quality NIS with a minimum of 80% surface active agent may cause injury
Do not tankmix Envoke with any other herbicide, insecticide, PGR, fertilizer or additives other than NIS
Do not tankmix Envoke with EC formulated products
Organophosphate applications
Allow a 24-hour interval between malathion/OP and Envoke applications
Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

10. Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary
Envoke 0.1 oz/A. Tifton, 2003.
Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

11. Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary
NORTH CAROLINA
Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary
A. York, NCSU

12. RR Cotton Response to Envoke. Five Locs, 6 Reps, 2003.
Location
Visual Injury*
Height Effects
Boll Set Effects
Yield Effects
Lewiston, NC
20% No
Rocky Mt, NC
13%
Alexandria, LA
60%
17%
Stats?
Plains, GA
<10
Tifton, GA 9% ??
*Visual injury within 7-12 day of application. Envoke over 6-8 leaf cotton.

13. RR Cotton Yield Response to Envoke. Alexandria, LA. 2003
Significant??? Need to Contrast???
3682
3424
seed lbs/A
Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 and 4 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

14. Envoke Injury is an Issue and University Personnel are Uncomfortable.
Use on limited acreage and follow label recommendations.

15. Rotational Restrictions on Envoke
Crop Months
Wheat
Corn
Grain sorghum 7
Peanut
Soybean
Tobacco
Bell pepper 12
Irish potato 12
Others 18

16. Linex Directed spray minimizing contact with cotton
1 to 1.5 pt when cotton is 6 to 8 inches tall
2 to 3 pt when cotton is 20 inches tall
Manufacturer suggest better grass control compared to diuron or prometryn
More expensive than diuron or prometryn

17. Linex-Carryover Issues??
Any crop may be planted 4 months after application except for cerals where only barley, oats, rye and wheat may be planted

18. Diuron Carryover

19. Linex Directed In Cotton??
1. Really don’t see a fit for GA
Linex 1 pt/A + Direx 1 pt/A + MSMA?
Layby Pro??

20. Liberty Link (2004) Ignite Herbicide (32 to 40 oz)
Cotton obtained registration
Apply from emergence up to early bloom
Apply in minimum of 15 GPA
Can be applied under hood in other cotton
Can mix Dual or Staple applied POST

21. Liberty + Dual Magnum
Ty Ty, GA, 2003

22. Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary
Liberty + Staple
TyTy GA, 2003
Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

23. LL vs RR Systems Focus LL RR Timing flexibility  Morningglory 
Smartweed 
Hemp sesbania 
Grasses 
Nutsedge 
Pigweeds 
Perennials 
Dayflower X X
Florida pusley X X

24. Liberty 32 oz/A on vol. peanut

25. non-treated Liberty (27.4 oz/A)
LL cotton trial, TyTy, 2001.

26. Palmer must be small for Liberty

28. Liberty 32 oz/A

29. Half Rate of Liberty
LL Cotton RR Cotton

30. Possible Liberty Link Systems
Yellow herbicide at plant,
Ignite 1-2 leaf topical,
Ignite 6-8 leaf topical,
timely directed
2. Yellow plus Cotoran or Staple,
Ignite timely 3-6 leaf,

31. Sequence Herbicide Expect registration 1Q04
Touchdown K+ salt plus Dual Magnum
Popular use rate 2.5 pints/A = 0.70 lbae glyphosate and 0.94 lb/A SMOC

32. Sequence in Cotton
Preemerge in AR, KS, LA, MS, NM, OK, TN, TX and Bootheel of MO

33. Do Not Use Dual PRE on Georgia Soils
Dual Magnum PRE

34. Sequence in Cotton
RR cotton- Postemergence, post directed, hooded applications
Post applications on 2 inch cotton up until the 5th leaf reaches size of quarter..don’t add adjuvants
Post directed applications on cotton less than 12”

35. Early POST application. Attapulgus, 2003.
Touchdown Sequence
Early POST application. Attapulgus, 2003.

36. Cotton Response to Glyphosate + Dual*
heavy dew no dew
*Application with dew applied 7 am. Application without dew applied 11 am.

37. Generic Metolachlors Dual Magnum 1 to 1.3 pt/A Old Dual 8 E
Several products are available BUT there is a problems!!!!!!
Dual Magnum
1 to 1.3 pt/A
Old Dual 8 E
1.6 to 2 pt/A
Generics (old 8 E)

38. Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

39. Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary
Active ingredients:
Prometryn %
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium (TSS) 0.70%
lb/A use rate
1.25 Suprend= 0.2 oz Envoke + 2 pts Caparol
Application: 8 to10 leaf cotton through lay-by
Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

40. Valor Currently registered for preplant burndown
in cotton; anticipate changes in waiting
intervals between application and planting
Label for in-crop use on cotton anticipated
prior to 2004 use season

41. Valor Label Changes Pertaining to Burndown*
Use in minimum tillage:
1 oz rate, 14-day waiting period
2 oz rate, 21-day waiting period
* Anticipated changes by use season

42. Valor In-Season Use on Cotton*
Hoods or Shields: cotton minimum of 6 inches;
no contact with cotton plant
Lay-by Application: cotton minimum of 18 inches;
minimum of 4 inches of bark;
direct to lower 2 inches of bark;
do not contact green stem tissue
Weed size: 2 to 6 inches, most species
4 inches
* Anticipated labeling

43. Valor In-Season Use on Cotton*
Use only in tank mixture with glyphosate or MSMA
1 to 2 oz Valor + glyphosate
2 oz Valor + MSMA
Add nonionic surfactant (0.25%); do not use COC,
MSO, or organo-silicone type adjuvants; no
mention of not using surfactant when mixing
with loaded glyphosate
One-hour rainfast
No major rotational restrictions of concern??
* Anticipated labeling

44. What will it do? Valor Under Hoods or Lay-by
Excellent POST broadleaf control in GA research;
Valor/glyphosate tank mix has looked particularly good
With 2-oz rate, anticipate about 4 wks residual control of
Eclipta Florida pusley
Prickly sida Lambsquarters
Nightshade Pigweed, redroot and smooth

45. Large Morningglory Response to Layby Herbicides. 5 DAT. Irwin Co
Large Morningglory Response to Layby Herbicides. 5 DAT. Irwin Co., GA, 2001.
Roundup UltraMax 1.6 pt
UltraMax 1.6 pt + Valor 1 oz
*Trial conducted on farm in Irwin County with Gibbs Wilson.

46. Layby – Tropic Croton & Beggarweed
Turner County, GA – 22 DAT
UTC
2 oz lb + NIS

47. APPLY ONLY TO BARKEY COTTON THAT IS AT LEAST 18 INCHES
APPLY ONLY TO BARKEY COTTON THAT IS AT LEAST 18 INCHES. MINIMIZE CONTACT WITH COTTON.

48. Layby Rig
Single flood jet nozzle per row, spraying the row middle and directed to lower two inches of the stem

49. Layby Rig
One to three nozzles under hood and one on each side of the hood per row, spraying the row middle and directed to lower two inches of the stem

50. ET 751 Limited to NO University Research Burndown??
Hooded Application, test to learn for layby?
0.5 to 1 oz/A when mixed with glyphosate
Is it really similar to Aim for weeds????

51. New Glyphosate Products?
Touchdown Total (4.17 lb ae)
Touchdown High Tech (5 lb ae)
Sequence

52. Couple Contaminated Glyphosate Products in 2003

53. Cotton Burndown
What Spray Tips to Use???

54. Primrose Response to Herbicides and Various Spray Tips. Tifton, GA 2003.
35 days after treatment
Flat Fan AI
Flat Fan AI
% control
WeatherMax 22 oz/A
+ 2,4-D 1 pt/A
Primrose 6 inch at time of application.

55. Primrose Response to Herbicides and Various Spray Tips. Tifton, GA 2003.
35 days after treatment * *
Flat Fan AI
Flat Fan AI
% control
RU + Valor 1 oz/A
+ Crop Oil
Primrose 6 inch at time of application. * Denotes significant difference between comparison.

56. Primrose Response to Valor Mixtures Using Various Spray Tips
Primrose Response to Valor Mixtures Using Various Spray Tips. TyTy GA, 2003.
Flat Fan AI
1 oz + 22 floz

58. Drift impacted over ½ million dollars worth of vegetables in 2003!!!!!
Roundup on cantaloupe
Drift impacted over ½ million dollars worth of vegetables in 2003!!!!!

59. Two most troublesome weeds??

60. Cutleaf Eveningprimrose
1. 2,4-D, glyphosate + 2,4-D, paraquat + 2,4-D
2. glyphosate + Valor or Clarity, paraquat + Direx*
*Primrose must be mature and in bloom

61. Primrose Response to 2,4-D Amine (4 lb/gal). Tifton, GA 2003.
42 days after treatment
1 pt/A
0.75 pt/A
0.5 pt/A
0.25 pt/A
% control
Primrose 6-9”, prebloom

62. Primrose Response to 2,4-D Amine (4 lb/gal). Tifton, GA 2003.
30 days after treatment
1 pt/A
0.75 pt/A
0.5 pt/A
0.25 pt/A
% control
Primrose 16-20”, fullbloom

63. Primrose Response to 2,4-D Amine (4 lb/gal). Tifton, GA 2003.
30-35 days after treatment
pt of 2,4-D
pt of 2,4-D
% control
Gramoxone + Caparol + COC
RU + Valor
Primrose 6-9 inches and prebloom.

64. Primrose Response to Gramoxone. Tifton, GA 2003.
30 to 35 days after treatment
+ Direx
alone
+ Direx
% control
alone
6-9” prebloom
16-20” full bloom
Paraquat and Direx applied at 1 qt/A. COC at 1 qt/A included with all treatments.

65. Summary - Wild radish 1. glyphosate + 2,4-D, Harmony Extra
paraquat + 2,4-D, Direx, Harmony Extra
2. glyphosate + Valor, Direx
3. glyphosate

66. Radish Impact on Cotton Stand. Ty Ty, GA 2003.ab b c
plants per foot 28 21 14 7
Days WeatherMax Applied Prior to Planting DP 555 B/RR
No effect on yield.

67. Two Glyphosate Applications
Picture from Clete Youmans.

68. Burndown Programs Early Feb: 0.5 to 1 pt 2,4-D for primrose
1 to 1.5 pt 2,4-D for radish
1.5+ pt 2,4-D for horseweed
2. Follow with: (check plant back restrictions)
glyphosate alone or with Prowl/Valor
paraquat alone or with Direx/Prowl

69. Burndown Programs Roundup + 0.5 to 0.75 pt 2,4-D.
2. Gramoxone + Direx pt 2,4-D
3. Roundup + Valor pt 2,4-D
Add Prowl in SYSTEM for added pusley and control.
Out of luck if have Roundup Resistant Horseweed!!!

70. 2,4-D Plantback at 30 Days Barrage HF (4.7 L): Apply 6 to 13 oz/A.
2. Salvo (5 L): Apply 6 to 12 oz/A
Unfortunately they are both ester formulations!

71. Primrose Response to Ignite. Tifton, GA 2003.
35 days after treatment
% control
28 oz/A
32 oz/A
28 oz/A
32 oz/A
Primrose 6-9”, prebloom
Primrose 16-20”, fullbloom

72. Early Season Weed Competition
2 inch weeds inch weeds inch weeds
Application Timing

73. Early Season Weed Competition:
1 inch none
2152 lb/A
2880 lb/A
Controlled all weeds 3 weeks prior to planting. Loss of 23%.

74. Topical RR Options Glyphosate 2. Glyhphosate + Staple
3. Glyphosate + Dual (Sequence)

75. Dual vs. Staple in Glyphosate Topical Mixtures*
Weed Dual Staple
Annual grasses
Dayflower species
Florida pusley
Morningglory
Nutsedge
Palmer amaranth
Sicklepod
Cost of treatment ? ?
*Assuming proper postemergence rates and application.

76. Cotton Injury From Glyphosate + Dual
Injury Range

77. Glyphosate + Staple. 4 DAT. Tifton, GA

78. RR Cotton Response to Staple Plus. Five Locs, 6 Reps, 2003.
Location
Visual Injury*
Height Effects
Boll Set Effects
Yield Effects
Lewiston, NC
<5% No
Rocky Mt, NC
<9%
Alexandria, LA
9-13%
Yes
Plains, GA
Tifton, GA
36-37% ??
No??
*Visual injury within 8 day of application.

79. Glyphosate Staple.
4 DAT. Tifton, GA

80. RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple
RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA
7 DAT
WeatherMax
+ Staple 0.6 oz/A
+ Staple 0.9 oz/A
Height (cm)
Cotton height reduced by 17%
Cotton height reduced by 22%
Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

81. RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple
RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA
14 DAT
WeatherMax
+ Staple 0.6 oz/A
+ Staple 0.9 oz/A
Height (cm)
Cotton height reduced by 18%
Cotton height reduced by 18%
Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

82. RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple
RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA
In NC, LA, and Plains there was not even a hint of a negative yield effect when mixing Staple with WeatherMax and applying overtop of 4- to 5-leaf cotton.
Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

83. RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple
RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA
WeatherMax
+ Staple 0.6 oz/A
+ Staple 0.9 oz/A
Seed yld (lb/A) NS NS
Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

84. Glyphosate + Staple. 4 DAT. Tifton, GA IF POSSIBLE:
Avoid high amounts of dew
Avoid WET conditions
Avoid cool nights
Don’t add additional adjuvants
4 DAT. Tifton, GA

85. Will we ever quit going over the top of RR cotton after the 5th leaf stage??

86. Seed Cotton Yield Response to Glyphosate Applied Topically
Seed Cotton Yield Response to Glyphosate Applied Topically. Grady County, 2003.
4lf and LPD
Lb/A
+ 8- to 9-leaf
-37%
Prowl applied PRE over entire study

87. Late-Season Weed Control!!
*Large number of effective options
*Apply glyphosate very precisely
*Consider some 3 way conventional mixtures
*Use products that offer residual control, especially for many of our grassy and pigweed fields

88. Morningglory Continues to be Troublesome to Georgia Growers?
At plant:
Cotoran, Direx, Staple
Early Post:
Glyphosate, Staple, Staple Plus, Envoke, Liberty
Directed:
MSMA plus Caparol, Cobra, Cotoran, Direx, Goal, Staple, Suprend, Linex, glyphosate plus Aim, Caparol, Direx, Harvade, Staple, Valor, ET 751

90. Morningglory Continues to be Troublesome to Georgia Growers?
Timeliness of application
(i.e. large at time of application)
No residual in the system

91. Residual Morningglory Control?
Cotoran
Direx
Staple
Caparol

92. Fairly common scene at harvest across the state

93. Two Possible Issues? Pigweed is to large at time of layby
Pigweed comes up after layby

94. Two Possible Issues? Pigweed is to large at time of layby
a) add a preemergence herbicide such a yellow herbicide, Cotoran, Staple
b) Add Dual or Staple in at early POST

95. Two Possible Issues? 2. Pigweed comes up after layby
a) use layby option with residual activity such as Direx, Caparol, Prowl

96. Nutsedge in RR Cotton Glyphosate cot. to 1-leaf Glyphosate 4 to 5-leaf
Layby with MSMA mixture, or if large grass glyphosate mixture
Consider adding Envoke into the program after the 5th leaf stage of cotton production.

97. Spiderworts rank as Georgia’s Most troublesome weeds in cotton
1999: not ranked
2001: ninth
2003: number 1
2004: number 1, 2, and 3

98. So what should we do for fallow control??
Spray within three weeks after emergence (Aim, Gramoxone mixtures, 2,4-D)
If spiderwort is extremely large:
2,4-D 1 qt/A followed by Gramoxone couple weeks later
disking?????

99. Potential Cotton Program at this time????
Plant early
Plant aggressively growing cultivar (shade soil early)
Reduce seed production after other crops!!!!!!!
Reduce the alarming rate of spread!!!!!!!!
5. Cotoran PRE (if planting at or near time of emergence)
6. Glyphosate + Dual early POST (Backbone of program)
7. Direx, Valor, or Caporol + MSMA
(add Aim if weed bigger than 3 inches)
(add more Dual if cotton is less than 12 inches)

100. Questions?