EUROPEAN REFORMATION LUTHER LEADS THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did Martin Luther’s PROTEST over abuses in the Catholic Church lead to the founding of the Protestant religions? Examples of Protestant Religions: BAPTIST, METHODISTS, CHURCH OF CHRIST, PRESBYTERIAN, EPISCIPALIAN, LUTHERAN, ASSEMBLY OF GOD, and many others

Why does the Protestant Reformation matter today? 83% of all Americans say they are apart off some type of Protestant religion. 33% of the world considers themselves apart of some type of Protestant religion.

Terms and Names that you need to know: 1. Indulgence 2. Reformation 3. Lutheran 4. Protestant 5. Peace of Augsburg 6. Annul 7. Anglican

MATCHING 1. Indulgence 2. Reformation 3. Lutheran 4. Protestant 5. Peace of Augsburg 6. Annul 7. Anglican To cancel or set aside A member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation A 16 th –century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the popes authority A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would by decided by its ruler Another name for the Church of England

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION 1. Social Causes: The Renaissance values of HUMANISM and SECULARISM led people to question the church. Examples: individuality in Art, Music, and FREE THINKING The PRINTING PRESS led people to question Church

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION 2. Political Causes: Powerful Monarchs CHALLENGED THE CHURCH as the SUPREME POWER in Europe Many leaders viewed the POPE as a foreign ruler and CHALLENGED HIS AUTHORITY. Examples: John Wycliffe taught that the Bible has more authority than the church leaders

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION 3. ECONOMIC CAUSES European princes and kings were JEALOUS of the CHURCH’S WEALTH. Merchants and others RESENTED having to PAY TAXES TO THE CHURCH

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION 4. RELIGIOUS CAUSES Some CHURCH LEADERS had become WORLDLY and CORRUPT Example: Pope Alexander VI had fathered children; Other clergy were ILLITERATE Many people found Church PRACTICES such as the SALE of INDULGENCES UNACCEPTABLE!

TALK WITH A FRIEND Discuss what caused the REFORMATION Say something about each of the following: SOCIAL CAUSES POLITICAL CAUSES ECONOMIC CAUSES RELIGIOUS CAUSES Uses your notes if you need to.

LUTHER CHALLENGES THE CHURCH WITH HIS 95 THESES All he wanted to be was a good Christian, not to lead a RELIGIOUS REVOLUTION

THE 95 THESES: The Story In 1517, Luther decided to take a public stand against the actions of a friar named Johann Tetzel Tetzel was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. He did this by selling INDULGENCES. An INDULGENCE was a pardon It released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for a sins.

Indulgences were not supposed to affect God’s right to judge. Unfortunately, Tetzel gave people the impression that by buying indulgences, they could BUY their way to HEAVEN. Luther was troubled by Tetzel’s tactics. In response, he wrote 95 THESES, or FORMAL STATEMENTS, attacking, the “PARDON Merchants”.

On October 31, 1517, he posted these statements on the door of the castle church in WITTENBURG and invited other scholars to debate him. Someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a PRINTER. Quickly, Luther’s name became known all over Germany. His actions began the REFORMATION, a movement for religious reform. It led to the founding of Christian churches all over the world, including RABUN COUNTY. THE END, BUT ALSO A BEGINNING!!!!!

TALK WITH A FRIEND TELL A FRIEND THE STORY OF THE 95 THESES THEN YOUR FRIEND SHOULD TELL YOU THE STORY OF THE 95 THESES

LUTHER’S TEACHINGS 1. People could win salvation only by FAITH in God’s gift of FORGIVENESS. The Church taught that faith and “GOOD WORKS” were needed for salvation.

LUTHER’S TEACHINGS 2. All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the BIBLE. Both the POPE and Church TRADITIONS were FALSE authorities.

LUTHERS TEACHING 3. All people with FAITH were EQUAL. Therefore, people DID NOT need PRIESTS to INTERPRET the Bible for them.

TALK WITH A FRIEND TELL A FRIEND WHAT MARTIN LUTHER TAUGHT THEN YOUR FRIEND SHOULD TELL YOU WHAT MARTIN LUTHER TAUGHT REMEMBER THERE ARE 3 THINGS TO MENTION

THE RESPONSE TO LUTHER People began to see Luther’s PROTEST as a way to challenge CHURCH CONTROL!

1. THE POPE’S THREAT Luther suggested that Christians drive the pope from the Church by force. POPE LEO X threatened Luther with EXCOMMUNICATION!! Luther’s students had a party and BURNED the DECREE!! POPE LEO X EXCOMMUNICATED LUTHER!!

2. THE EMPEROR’S THREAT Roman Emperor CHARLES V, a Catholic He controlled the German states He demanded that Luther come to the town of WORMS, to stand trial. Luther REFUSED by saying the following:

“I am bound by the scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the WORD OF GOD. I cannot and will not RECANT anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. I cannot do otherwise, here I stand, may God help me. AMEN!”

Charles V issued an order called the EDICT OF WORMS, it declared Luther an OUTLAW No one was to give Luther FOOD or SHELTER. All his books were to be burned BUT SOMEONE HELPED LUTHER…..

PRINCE FREDRICK THE WISE OF SAXONY disobeyed the emperor. He sheltered Luther in one of his castles While there Luther TRANSLATED the BIBLE into GERMAN. Luther returned to Wittenberg in He found that a separate religion had begun based on his teachings called LUTHERANS!!!

3. THE PEASANTS REVOLT Some people began to apply Luther’s teachings to SOCIETY. GERMAN PEASANTS, demanded an end to SERFDOM. Angry peasants went about the countryside burning and raiding monasteries. This HORRIFIED Luther. He told the princes to “SHOW NO MERCY” Armies CRUSHED the revolt, killing 100,000 peasants. Peasants felt BETRAYED and REJECTED his religious LEADERSHIP.

4. GERMANY AT WAR!!!!! German princes SUPPORTED Lutheranism They began to seize CHURCH PROPERTY, and declare INDEPENDENCE from CHARLES V. The Princes divided, those that supported the Catholic Church and those PROTESTING the church The term PROTESTANT was applied to Christians who belonged to NONCATHOLIC Churches.

MORE WAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! CHARLES V CATHOLIC vs. PROTESTANTS Weary of fighting both protestants and Catholics gathered in the city of AUSBURG. The Princes agreed to allow each ruler to decide the RELIGION of his STATE. This became know as the PEACE OF AUSBURG.

TALK TO A FRIEND TELL YOUR FRIEND THE 4 DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO MARTIN LUTHER’S 95 THESES THEN YOUR FRIEND SHOULD TELL YOU BACK

ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT KING HENRY VIII broke ENGLAND’S TIES TO THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH for POLITICAL and PERSONAL, NOT RELIGIOUS, reasons!!!

HENRY VIII WANTS A SON??? The pope called him “the DEFENDER of the CATHOLIC faith.” He wanted a MALE HIER He thought his wife CATHERINE OF ARAGON was to OLD to have a son. HENRY VIII wanted a DIVORCE. The pope said, NO! (He did not want to offend CATHERINE’S nephew CHARLES V)

REFORMATION PARLIAMENT Henry VIII took steps to solve his MARRIAGE problems. He called Parliament into session and ask it to make laws that would end the POPE’S POWER He married ANNE BOLEYN, in her 20s Parliament legalized the DIVORCE HENRY is now the head of the CHURCH OF ENGLAND!

BUT, Anne birthed a DAUGHTER named Elizabeth She was charged with TREASON, and BEHEADED!!!! Henry VIII marries JANE SEYMOUR, she had a son named EDWARD, but Jane died.

Henry VIII marries 3 more times, but had no more children; He dies in 1547 His 3 children ruled, each bringing their OWN RELIGION EDWARD: Protestant MARY: Catholic; executed protestants ELIZABETH: Protestant, but allowed BOTH; sets up the ANGLICAN CHURCH, or Church of England. PROBLEMS FOLLOW Elizabeth; She has pressure for change from both groups; MONEY would causes problem between her MONARCHY and PARLIAMENT

TALK TO A FRIEND TELL A FRIEND ABOUT HENRY VIII AND HIS RULE IN ENGLAND THEN YOUR FRIEND SHOULD TELL YOU ABOUT HENRY VIII.

MATCHING 1. Indulgence 2. Reformation 3. Lutheran 4. Protestant 5. Peace of Augsburg 6. Annul 7. Anglican To cancel or set aside A member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation A 16 th –century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the popes authority A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would by decided by its ruler Another name for the Church of England