Toward a Comprehensive Approach Challenges, Common Ground, Distinctions

Key Challenges Civilians Military We work often in the same operational environment, facing similar challenges We all recognize that no one group is able to bring about peace and security. Different actors each contribute a piece of the solution. We often hold stereotypes of each other We have few opportunities for joint learning Our lack of knowledge of each other inhibits coordination

Coordination Goal From Guidelines on the Integrated Approach: The Dutch view of coherent action for security and stability in fragile states and conflict areas “…to find the most effective combination of instruments and actors to promote security and stability in fragile states and conflict areas.”

Common Ground Shared Characteristics View ourselves as providing a service to others Take risks in their work Make personal sacrifices to be away from home Handle complex challenges Follow a set of principles that guide our work

Versions of a Comprehensive Approach Approaches to Communication & Coordination Comprehensive Approach via Structural Integration Comprehensive Approach via Communication Mechanisms Whole of Society Infrastructures for Peace

Components of a Comprehensive Approach Shared assessment Shared planning Shared action

Distinctions CiviliansMilitary Organizational structure and culture Less structured, more informalMore structured, more formal Assessment & Planning Participatory with local communities Often classified and internal Goals and Objectives Human securityNational security and human security Theories of Change/ Strategic Narratives Based mostly on social scienceBased mostly on military science Operational Requirements IHL principle of distinction; requiring impartiality and independence to enable acceptance by local communities and armed groups; safety of beneficiaries and NGO staff Integrated approach

Sometimes our goals overlap, but sometimes they do not National Security Human Security

Compare & Contrast Dutch International Security Strategy Defence of territory A well-functioning international legal order Economic security -From Dutch Guidelines on the Integrated Approach Human Security Protection of civilians Locally-defined safety of individuals and communities or “citizen security” Freedom from fear, freedom from want, freedom from humiliation

Theories of Change Conflict Assessment: Research on what is driving or mitigating conflict Plan: What intervention will address conflict drivers and mitigators Impact: Hypothesis of the impact of the intervention on the conflict drivers and mitigators

Countering insurgency and terrorism: two theories Isolation Identify, isolate and target individuals and groups who use or support violence Engagement Contact and dialogue with leaders in communities affected by violence

Approaches to SSR TRAIN AND EQUIP Analysis: Lack of monopoly of force/lack of state capacity Goal: Counterterrorism and counterinsurgency goals Theory of Change: Provision of weapons, technology and training REFORM AND DEVELOP Analysis: Lack of monopoly of legitimacy Goal: Protection of civilians and human security Theory of Change: Civilian oversight and public engagement

Approaches to DDR Traditional DDRPeacebuilding Approach to DDR TargetIndividual members of armed groups Entire Armed Groups Financial Incentive Trade weapons for cashGrievance Resolution to address underlying issues Focus of Integration Integrate into army or police force Social, economic, and political reintegration back into civilian communities

Stabilization or Peacebuilding? Primarily foreign-led Foreign interests Whole of government Short term Primarily locally – led Local interests Whole of society Long term