a) b) c)

«Some of the ads on TV are really funny.»

addition links contrast links passive forms

To define the term advertising To state the purpose of the essay by saying which points it will deal with 1 2 what we buy the economy

«It makes people spend money on things they don’t really need.» 3 «A lot of people work in advertising companies.»

4 the economy

addition links 5 contrast links

passive forms 6

7

THE PASSIVE

THE PASSIVE Millions of people speak Spanish. Forma attiva Forma passiva Spanish is spoken Simple present BY millions of people. Verbo essere allo STESSO TEMPO della frase attiva Participio passato +

THE PASSIVE Columbus discovered America. America was discoveredBY Columbus. The bricklayers have built a new gym. A new gym has been builtBY the bricklayers. The bricklayers are building a new gym. A new gym is being built BY the bricklayers. The bricklayers will build a new gym. A new gym will be builtBY the bricklayers. The bricklayers should have built a new gym. A new gym should have been builtBY the bricklayers.

THE PASSIVE The thief was arrested two days ago. The Berlin Wall was demolished in Two banks were robbed last week. Some mistakes were made in the test. Spesso si usa quando non si specifica chi compie l’azione. Parmesan is produced in Italy. English is spoken here. A lot of bikes are stolen in Padua every day. ‘Often’ can be pronounced in two ways.

THE PASSIVE Verbs with DOUBLE OBJECTS

THE PASSIVE Alcuni verbi che in italiano sono seguiti dal complemento oggetto e dal complemento di termine..... Ho mandato un’ a Tim ieri.... In inglese di solito sono seguiti da un doppio complemento oggetto (persona + cosa) senza alcuna preposizione. I sent Tim an yesterday. SEND GIVE ASK TELL OFFER SHOW LEND

THE PASSIVE Questi verbi alla forma passiva hanno spesso la persona (e non la cosa) come soggetto della frase. An was sent to Tim yesterday. Tim was sent an yesterday. Forma più usata They offered me a drink. I was offered a drink. Mark gave her a kiss. She was given a kiss. They asked Mary a question. Mary was asked a question. They told us a lie. We were told a lie. They will lend us a lot of money. We will be lent a lot of money.

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES con verbi come: THINK SAY BELIEVE KNOW CONSIDER CLAIM REPORT EXPECT People think that Bill Gates is the richest man in the world. It is thought that Bill Gates is the richest man in the world. Bill Gates is thought to be the richest man in the world. FIND

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES con verbi come: THINK SAY BELIEVE KNOW CONSIDER CLAIM REPORT EXPECT They say that language emerged 50,000 years ago. It is said that language emerged 50,000 years ago. Language is said to have emerged 50,000 years ago. FIND

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES con verbi come: THINK SAY BELIEVE KNOW CONSIDER CLAIM REPORT EXPECT They claim that prices rose sharply in August. It is claimed that prices rose sharply in August. Prices are claimed to have risen sharply in August. FIND

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES con verbi come: THINK SAY BELIEVE KNOW CONSIDER CLAIM REPORT EXPECT They know that pollution is causing considerable damage. It is known that pollution is causing considerable damage. Pollution is known to be causing considerable damage. FIND

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES con verbi come: THINK SAY BELIEVE KNOW CONSIDER CLAIM REPORT EXPECT They report that ten people were injured yesterday. It is reported that ten people were injured yesterday. Ten people are reported to have been injured yesterday. FIND

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES con verbi come: THINK SAY BELIEVE KNOW CONSIDER CLAIM REPORT EXPECT They have found that the building is unsafe. It has been found that the building is unsafe. The building has been found to be unsafe. FIND

IMPERSONAL PASSIVES con verbi come: THINK SAY BELIEVE KNOW CONSIDER CLAIM REPORT EXPECT They think that there are too many obstacles to peace. It is thought that there are too many obstacles to peace. There are thought to be too many obstacles to peace. FIND

HAVE / GET / WANT something DONE

L’espressione italiana ‘farsi fare qualcosa (da qualcuno)’ si rende con la costruzione di tipo passivo: più informale HAVE + something + DONE GET + something + DONE Quando vogliamo che qualcuno faccia qualcosa o che qualcosa accada, possiamo usare: WANT + something + DONE She HAD her hair CUT. She GOT her hair CUT. All my neighbours HAD a burglar alarm FITTED last year. All my neighbours GOT a burglar alarm FITTED last year. I WANT the report FINISHED by tomorrow. Put your car in the garage. We don’t WANT it DAMAGED in the street.