Aim: How to use Table F to determine if a substance is soluble or insoluble DO NOW: Explain Why CH 4 is not an electrolyte.

Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite ratio by mass. All homogeneous mixtures are solutions. Solutions can exist in any phase Liquid solutions must be clear (light can pass through) and can be colored.

Solvents and Solutes An aqueous solution (aq) contains dissolved substances. 2 components of a solution: solvent and solute. Solvent dissolves the solute; solute is what is being dissolved.

Question Which statement describes KCl(aq)? (1)KCl is the solute in a homogeneous mixture (2)KCl is the solute in a heterogeneous mixture (3)KCl is the solvent in a homogeneous mixture (4)KCl is the solvent in a heterogeneous mixture

Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes An electrolyte is a substance that conducts an electrical current when in an aqueous solution or a molten state. All ionic compounds are electrolytes. Strong electrolytes are good conductors of electricity. Weak electrolytes are weak conductors of electricity. Nonelectrolytes do not conduct electricity when in an aqueous solution or in a molten state.

Terminology Solute - substance that is being dissolved (lesser amount) Solvent - substance that is doing the dissolving (greater amount) Aqueous solutions - water solutions (water is the solvent) KCl (s) -> K + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Note the (aq) to indicate a water solution

Terminology (cont.) Solubility - the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature. Dissociation - breaking apart into its ions KCl (s)  K + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Miscible - mixable (water & alcohol) Immiscible - will not mix (oil & water)

Terminology (cont.) Soluble- able to be dissolved, especially in water Insoluble- incapable of being dissolved

Solubility Guidelines Table F The solubility of ionic compounds in aqueous solutions is wide and varied. Some compounds are highly soluble (e.g. NaCl), some compounds are moderately soluble (e.g. SnI2) and some compounds are highly insoluble (e.g., AgCl) Strong electrolytes are soluble in water. Weak electrolytes are slightly soluble in water. When an insoluble substance (precipitate) is formed, it may be separated from the rest of the solution through the process of filtration. A soluble solute cannot be separated through the process of filtration.

Na 2 CO 3 (aq) + CaCl 2 (aq)  2NaCl(aq) + CaCO 3 (s) Soluble substances Insoluble substance (precipitate)

Question using Table F Based on Reference Table F, which of these salts is the best electrolyte? a.Sodium nitrate b.Magnesium carbonate c.Silver chloride d.Barium sulfate