Sydney’s CALD Communities in 2011: Using the Census Case studies: 2 local government areas (LGAs) – City of Sydney & Auburn City Council Established culturally & linguistically diverse communities (CALD): -Speakers of Arabic (Auburn) and Cantonese (Sydney) Emerging CALD communities: - Speakers of Nepali (Auburn) and Thai (Sydney)

Note: Persons who did not state year of arrival were excluded from study Source: ABS (2012a)

Note: Persons who did not state year of arrival were excluded from study Source: ABS (2012a)

Source: ABS (2012b)

Note: Households that did not stated their tenure or landlord type were excluded from study. Source: ABS (2012a)

Note: Individuals that did not stated their tenure or landlord type were excluded from study. Source: ABS (2012a)

Ways to use/peruse ABS Census data Scales of difficulty: -Beginners: Quickstats, Community Profiles, Aust. Bureau of Statistics (ABS) publications. -Intermediate: Tablebuilder Basic, Tablebuilder Pro -Advanced: Statistical packages (IBM’s SPSS or freeware PSPP), mapping software (MapInfo)

RankLGA# of LOTE speakers% of LOTE speakers 1Auburn52, % 2Fairfield131, % 3Canterbury87, % 4Strathfield21, % 5Burwood19, % 6Bankstown99, % 16Blacktown111, % RELATIVE PROPORTIONS: Council areas ranked by their proportion of speakers of languages other than English (LOTE) 21City of Sydney50, % 41Blue Mountains3,8625.1% Source: ABS (2012a)

ABSOLUTE VOLUMES: Council areas ranked according to number of people from non-English speaking backgrounds RankLGA# of people from NESB % of people from NESB 1Fairfield131, % 2Blacktown111, % 3Bankstown99, % 4Liverpool89, % 5Canterbury87, % 6Parramatta83, % 7Rockdale52, % 8Auburn52, % 9Sydney50, % 10Holroyd50, % Source: ABS (2012a)

Language # of arrivals # of arrivals Total Population % that arrived Shona 601,3381, % Nepali 1,26912,89315, % Gujarati 1,2309,21013, % Malayalam 5223,5065, % Hazaraghi 2501,5702, % Dinka 541,2351, % Telugu 1,0834,5016, % Afrikaans 8852,6654, % Marathi 7902,4674, % Punjabi 3,04410,49018, % Malay 2221,1472, % Bengali 4,19011,41220, % Thai 2,3636,86213, % Mandarin 27,75461,158133, % Urdu 2,9427,33616, % Year of Arrival in Australia for language groups across Greater Sydney Source: ABS (2012a)

Individual pre-tax income. Low Income: Negative income to $399 per week; Lower-Middle Income: $400 to $999 per week; Upper-Middle Income: $1,000 to $1,499 per week; High income: $1,500 to over $2,000 per week. Note: Individuals that did not state their income were excluded from study. Source: ABS (2012a) Income – City of Sydney

Individual pre-tax income. Low Income: Negative income to $399 per week; Lower-Middle Income: $400 to $999 per week; Upper-Middle Income: $1,000 to $1,499 per week; High income: $1,500 to over $2,000 per week. Note: Individuals that did not state their income were excluded from study. Source: ABS (2012a)

English proficiency – “how well do you speak English?” Source: ABS (2012a)

Alternative approaches to Census research Different time scale – using Time Series data to describe patterns & trends from Different geographic scale – focusing on Sydney/Australia as a whole; using data for mesh blocks/SA1s for information on smaller scale Other demographic variables: family composition, disability, industry of occupation, method & distance of transport etc.

Limitations to the Census Incomplete data – prevalence of ‘not stated’ or ‘inadequately described’ in some categories Subjective interpretation of questions Suspicion of official data collection & perceived confidentiality issues Need to request non-English questionnaires Assumption of honest information

Alternative data sources - DIAC Continuous Survey of Australia’s Migrants (CSAM): ongoing, surveying every 6 months since April 2009, data available for Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants in Australia (LSIA): three cohorts of migrants from , and LSIA 1 & 2 featured humanitarian visa applicants, LSIA 3 & CSAM limited to skilled & family visas Humanitarian applicants featured in 2011 DIAC commissioned report: Australian Survey Research (2011) Settlement Outcomes of New Arrivals, DIAC: Canberra.

ReasonsCohort 1Cohort 2 Better employment opportunities22%27% To join family/relatives in Australia46%41% To get married19%15% To undertake studies8%9% Better future for family in Australia42%52% Other aspects, eg. lifestyle, climate36%50% Lack of employment in former country6%7% Dislike of economic conditions in former country13%17% Dislike of social conditions in former country14%16% Escape war or political situation16%12% Other4%8% LSIA data for Cohort 1 ( ) & Cohort 2 ( ): Reasons for migrating to Australia (more than one reason could be given) Source: Richardson, Miller-Lewis et. al. (2002), p.13.

References  Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012a), ‘Sydney (C)’ and ‘Auburn (C)’, 2011 Census of Population and Housing, tables generated for topics listed below using TableBuilder program, cat. no , accessed August-November 2012, -Language Spoken at Home by Place of Usual Residence -Language Spoken at Home by Age by Place of Usual Residence -Language Spoken at Home by Total Personal Weekly Income by Place of Usual Residence -Language Spoken at Home by English Proficiency by Place of Usual Residence -Language Spoken at Home by Year of Arrival in Australia by Place of Usual Residence -Tenure Type by Place of Usual Residence -Landlord Type by Place of Usual Residence  Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012b), TableBuilder, website, viewed 12 March 2013,  Australian Survey Research (2011) Settlement Outcomes of New Arrivals, DIAC: Canberra.  Richardson, S., Miller-Lewis, L., Ngo, P. and Illsey, D. (2002), The Settlement Experience of Migrants: A comparison of Wave One of LSIA 1 and LSIA 2, DIMIA: Canberra.