NS 215 Unit 6 Seminar Anthropometrics

Week 6 is HERE!! How was your week?

Anthropometry Definition – The measurement of body size, weight and proportions – Adherence to technique is critical to obtaining accurate and precise measurements – Among children, length, stature, weight and head circumference are the most sensitive and commonly used indicators

Body Weight – One of the most important measurements in nutrition assessment – Obtained using an electronic or balance beam scale – Attention must be give to regular calibration Overweight is a body weight above some reference weight – Usually defined in relation to stature

Approaches to Assessing Body Weight Approaches to assessing body weight include: – Height-Weight tables – Relative weight – Height –Weight indices The life insurance industry, a leader in the development of height-weight tables, has attempted to define body weights for a given sex and statures that are associated with lowest mortality

Height Weight Table Height Acceptable Weight Range If aged Acceptable Weight Range If aged feet 0" pounds pounds 5 feet 1" feet 2" feet 3" feet 4" feet 5" feet 6" feet 7" feet 8" feet 9" feet 10" feet 11" feet 0"

Obesity Chart ARE YOU OVERWEIGHT?

BMI Chart

BMI Chart Indicators Risk of Associated Disease According to BMI and Waist Size BMI Waist less than or equal to 40 in. (men) or 35 in. (women) Waist greater than 40 in. (men) or 35 in. (women) 18.5 or lessUnderweight -- N/A Normal -- N/A OverweightIncreasedHigh ObeseHighVery High ObeseVery High 40 or greaterExtremely ObeseExtremely High

Case Study Tonight you are the RD or Nutritionist 4 people have come to see you First there BMI and risk categories need to be assessed

Case Study Here are the equations you will need so we can find our answers: Weight into kilograms = weight in pounds / 2.2 Height in centimeters: height in inches x 2.54

BMI EQUATION BMI = weight in kilograms / height in centimeters/ height in centimeters ( You divide it two times by height in centimeters) x 10000

First Client James: Age 32 Weight is 135# Height : 5’6

James What is James BMI: What BMI Category does James fall into? How likely at risk is associated diseases?

Second Client Karen Age 46 Height: 5’2 Weight: 215#

Karen What is Karen’s BMI: What BMI Category does Karen fall into? How likely at risk is associated diseases?

Client 3 Michael Age: 69 Height: 6’1” Weight: 232

Michael What is Michael’s BMI: What BMI Category does Michael fall into? How likely at risk is associated diseases?

Client 4 Erica Age: 81 Height: 5’8” Weight: 110

Erica What is Erica’s BMI: What BMI Category does Erica fall into? How likely at risk is associated diseases?

Discussion What is a normal BMI for these clients? What are some ideas we can do to change eating habits?

Body Fat and Body Composition The distribution of body fat may be as important a consideration as total quantity of fat – Classified into 2 types Upper body (Android) Lower Body (Gynoid) Body composition analysis can provide estimates of the body’s reserves of fat, protein, water and several minerals

Types of Body Fat Visceral Fat – Organ fat or intra-abdominal fat – Located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed between internal organs Subcutaneous Fat – Found underneath the skin – Can be measured using body fat calipers

Body Composition and Skinfold Measurements Measurement of skinfolds is the most widely used method of indirectly estimating percent body fat. Advantages – Inexpensive equipment – Portable equipment – Measurements obtained quickly – Measurements correlate with body density

Densitometry Archimedes principle Measuring the density of the entire body – Usually by hydrostatic (underwater) weighing – Hydrostatic weighing not practical for large groups – Requires Considerable subject cooperation Special equipment Experience Financial Investment

Air Displacement Plethysmography Uses specially designed two-chambered unit for measuring the body’s volume – Then used to calculate body density and composition Advantages – Better tolerated than underwater weighing – Requires less subject cooperation Disadvantages – Costly and complex equipment

Measuring Total Body Water Measure indirectly using dilution techniques where a tracer of known concentration and volume is given to a subject Time is allowed for the tracer to equilibrate with the subjects body water Concentration of the tracer is a sample of the subjects blood, urine, or saliva

Neutron Activation Useful in estimating total body muscle Analysis is based on the response of elements to neutron beam irradiation Drawbacks of this method: – Ionizing radiation exposure – High cost – Limited availability

Creatinine – 24 hour Urine Measure of creatinine in a 24-hour urine collection reflects total body muscle mass Advantages – Urinary creatinine correlates reasonably well with estimated derived from measurements of Body density Total body nitrogen Total body potassium – Disadvantages Dietary creatine, intraindiviudal variation and timing of collection

Other Anthropemtric Tools 3-Methylhistidine Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) Infrared Light Ultrasound Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging

Unit 6 Project Section Using the CDC website and data gathered from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in your state discuss what the state and local health departments focus should be on regarding specific disease prevention programs and health promotion?

Unit 6 Project Section Exercise Diabetes Awareness of hypertension Cholesterol Fruit and veggie intake Health care access