1. NS 210 Unit 6 Seminar Anthropometrics

2. Anthropometry Definition – The measurement of body size, weight and proportions – Adherence to technique is critical to obtaining accurate and precise measurements – Among children, length, stature, weight and head circumference are the most sensitive and commonly used indicators

3. Body Weight – One of the most important measurements in nutrition assessment – Obtained using an electronic or balance beam scale – Attention must be give to regular calibration Overweight is a body weight above some reference weight – Usually defined in relation to stature

4. Approaches to Assessing Body Weight Approaches to assessing body weight include: – Height-Weight tables – Relative weight – Height –Weight indices The life insurance industry, a leader in the development of height-weight tables, has attempted to define body weights for a given sex and statures that are associated with lowest mortality

5. Height Weight Table Height Acceptable Weight Range If aged 19-34 Acceptable Weight Range If aged 35+ 5 feet 0"97-128 pounds108-138 pounds 5 feet 1"101-132111-143 5 feet 2"104-137115-148 5 feet 3"107-141119-152 5 feet 4"111-146122-157 5 feet 5"114-150126-162 5 feet 6"118-155130-167 5 feet 7"121-160134-172 5 feet 8"125-164138-178 5 feet 9"129-169142-183 5 feet 10"132-174146-188 5 feet 11"136-179151-194 6 feet 0"140-184155-199

6. Approaches to Assessing Body Weight Relative weight Quetelet’s Index (BMI) (kg/m 2 )

7. Obesity Chart ARE YOU OVERWEIGHT?

8. BMI Chart

9. BMI Chart Indicators Risk of Associated Disease According to BMI and Waist Size BMI Waist less than or equal to 40 in. (men) or 35 in. (women) Waist greater than 40 in. (men) or 35 in. (women) 18.5 or lessUnderweight -- N/A 18.5 - 24.9Normal -- N/A 25.0 - 29.9OverweightIncreasedHigh 30.0 - 34.9ObeseHighVery High 35.0 - 39.9ObeseVery High 40 or greaterExtremely ObeseExtremely High

10. Case: John Age: 65, male Height: 5’4’’ ( 1 foot = 12 inches) Weight: 200 lbs Calculate: relative weight Hamwi equation Height-weight table BMI

11. HAMWI Equation HAMWI method Males: 106 pounds for the 1 st 60 inches + 6 pounds for each extra inch +/- 10% based on body frame (he has a medium body frame so we add 10%) 106 + (6x4) = 130 pounds 130 + (130 x 10%) = 143 pounds

12. Ht/Wt Table and BMI Ht/Wt Table Medium frame = 122-157 Midpoint of medium frame = 139.5 pounds BMI 22 = 130 pounds Relative weight = (200/143) X 100% = 139.8% (using HAMWI)

13. Relative Weight Relative weight = (200/143) X 100% = 139.8% (using HAMWI) Relative weight = (200/139.5) *100% = 143.4% (using Ht/Wt table) Relative weight = (200/130) * 100% = 153.8% (using BMI)

14. Body Fat and Body Composition The distribution of body fat may be as important or more important a consideration than the total quantity of fat – Classified into 2 types Upper body (Android) Lower Body (Gynoid) Body composition analysis can provide estimates of the body’s reserves of fat, protein, water and several minerals

15. Types of Body Fat Visceral Fat – Organ fat or intra-abdominal fat – Located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed between internal organs Subcutaneous Fat – Found underneath the skin – Can be measured using body fat calipers

16. Body Composition and Skinfold Measurements Measurement of skinfolds is the most widely used method of indirectly estimating percent body fat. Advantages – Inexpensive equipment – Portable equipment – Measurements obtained quickly – Measurements correlate with body density

17. Densitometry Archimedes principle Measuring the density of the entire body – Usually by hydrostatic (underwater) weighing – Hydrostatic weighing not practical for large groups – Requires Considerable subject cooperation Special equipment Experience Financial Investment

18. Air Displacement Plethysmography Uses specially designed two-chambered unit for measuring the body’s volume – Then used to calculate body density and composition Advantages – Better tolerated than underwater weighing – Requires less subject cooperation Disadvantages – Costly and complex equipment

19. Measuring Total Body Water Measure indirectly using dilution techniques where a tracer of known concentration and volume is given to a subject Time is allowed for the tracer to equilibrate with the subjects body water Concentration of the tracer is a sample of the subjects blood, urine, or saliva

20. Neutron Activation Useful in estimating total body muscle Analysis is based on the response of elements to neutron beam irradiation Drawbacks of this method: – Ionizing radiation exposure – High cost – Limited availability

21. Creatinine – 24 hour Urine Measure of creatinine in a 24-hour urine collection reflects total body muscle mass Advantages – Urinary creatinine correlates reasonably well with estimated derived from measurements of Body density Total body nitrogen Total body potassium – Disadvantages Dietary creatine, intraindiviudal variation and timing of collection

22. Other Anthropemtric Tools 3-Methylhistidine Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) Infrared Light Ultrasound Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging

23. Thank You for Attending the Seminar and Happy Holidays!!