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What is Power Factor?

Power Factor is the percentage of current delivered from the utility that is needed to perform the actual work. For example: A PF=0.50 means that only 50% of the delivered current is needed to perform the actual work.

From MZI’s Application Guide for Power Factor Correction The Math Behind PFC Total Power (kVA): apparent power Reactive Power (kVAr): inductive power, magnetizing power Active Power (kW): real power, working power Power Factor = kVA kW = cos Φ * *Phase angle difference between voltage and current

Motors need kVAr (reactive power, magnetizing energy) to turn, but it does no useful work. Utility companies do not want to provide kVAr to their customers and may charge a penalty.

Utility companies are increasingly keeping track of kW and kVAr values. Most charge penalties if a facility’s power factor does not meet a set threshold (typically between 85% and 95%). Likewise, high power factor may result in a credit or rebate.

PFCCs may lower your utility bills.

If you have a penalty.

Penalty structure depends on your Utility Provider We need to take a look at your utility bill to determine if your utility company has levied a penalty (12 months preferable). Consumers Energy PF Adjustment Detroit Edison PF Penalty Con-Ed New York Excess kVAr Charge PFPenaltyPFPenaltyPFPenalty >.90- 2%<.851%<.95(kVAr)*.80 to.900<.802% <.80(PF)*<.753% <.7025% *PF penalty = increase capacity charge by a ratio of threshold PF/ actual PF *PF penalty = actual kVAr – allowable kVAr times $/kVAr

Power Factor, You, and Your Utility your utility you DEMAND METER TOTAL ENERGY POWER FACTOR WATT-HR METER REAL ENERGY Active Power (Current) Reactive Power (Current)

Power Factor, You, and Your Utility Active Power (Current) Reactive Power (Current) PFCC your utility you DEMAND METER TOTAL ENERGY POWER FACTOR WATT-HR METER REAL ENERGY

In some cases, PFCCs can also increase available distribution capacity reduce line losses and associated costs

Increased distribution capacity can allow a facility to add more equipment without adding more expensive infrastructure. For exampleFor example, a Pennsylvania ski resort applied PFCCs to its snow-making equipment. Otherwise, it would have needed a new power distribution system or larger transformers (a more expensive option).

Other Considerations Facility Details - MZI Facility Questionnaire ♦Utility Bills ♦Loads ♦Non-Linear Loads -May introduce damaging harmonics -Examples: VFDs, AC to DC converters, UPS systems

Who Needs PFC?

Wastewater Treatment

Lumber Mills

The Automotive Industry

Food Processing Plants

HVAC Systems

Plastic Injection Molding

If you have motors, you might need PFC. If you have non-linear loads like Variable Frequency Drives, you might have power quality problems and require harmonic filters.

Myron Zucker, Inc. offers fixed, automatic, and custom solutions to suit a variety of applications.

Fixed PFC ♦Suited for applications where: –The load does not change –The capacitor is switched with the load Calmount®Calmount®: At the load correction, up to 500 HP Capacibank®Capacibank®: System installed at the distribution center or service entrance for facility-wide correction MCC Traymount®MCC Traymount®: Custom- designed trays for: -Rockwell Automation Allen- Bradley -Eaton/Cutler Hammer -Siemens -Schneider Electric Square D

Fixed PFC Product Selection Correction in the Presence of Harmonics Caltrap®Caltrap®: At the load correction in the presence of harmonics Capacitrap®Capacitrap®: Passive filter installed at the distribution center or service entrance for upstream harmonic reduction

Automatic PFC Suited for applications where the electrical load is not constant and requires varying amounts of reactive power. Autocapacibank™ Automatically-switched system installed at the distribution center or service entrance for facility-wide correction Autocapacitrap™ Automatically-switched passive filter for loads that vary; locate at plant distribution center or service entrance Correction in the presence of harmonics:

Custom Applications CustomizationCustomization includes but is not limited to: –Custom enclosure –Different entry points –Breakers –Voltage

MZI Services ♦Custom design and build per customer specifications ♦Retrofit and Rebuild ♦Engineering consulting ♦Utility bill analysis and plant electrical system review ♦Product training and commissioning