 5 th MT Avulsion Fx  MOI › Ankle forced into inversion, muscle contract so forcefully to stabilize the lateral aspect of ankle, that peroneus brevis tendon pulls part of the bone away at its attachment  S/sx › Px lateral aspect of foot/ankle › Swelling, bruising, sometimes unable to bear weight

 Tx › PRICE › Refer for x-rays › Boot/cast/crutches › Possible surgery

 Growth plate injury  MOI: › ankle forced into plantar flexion and inversion  S/sx › Pain and swelling over epiphysis › Difficulty walking/running

 Tx › PRICES › Refer for x-rays › Splint/cast/boot › Potentially serious because growth plate can close prematurely – stunts bone growth

 Most commonly occur to tibia, fibula, and MT  MOI › Repetitive stress – usually running  S/sx › Px that becomes worse at night and after activity › Px/swelling over the bone

 Tx › PRICES  4-6wks rest! › Refer for x-rays  May not show initial injury due to lack of calcium build up around injury site › Boot/cast › Bone scan/CT scan

 MOI › Plantar fascia pulls on the calcaneus, causes a small disruption to the bone – body attempts to repair like a broken bone  S/sx › Can dig into soft tissue and cause px/tenderness  Tx › Heel cup/padding › Injection - cortisone

 Aka – turf toe  MOI › Excessive force applied to great toe (flexion or extension)  Force causes sprain/strain  S/Sx › Pain, swelling, discoloration › Inability to walk/run normally  Tx › PRICE › Tape/padding

 MOI › Running on hard surface › Improper footwear › Repetitive stress  S/Sx › Pain over involved arch › Difficulty walking/running › Swelling/discoloration on plantar surface  Tx › PRICE › Padding to arch › Rehab – strengthening foot muscles/stretching calf muscles

› IV  Severity depends on:  Amount of force  Amount of tape  Type of shoe  Strength of muscles  S/Sx › Swelling, discoloration › Crepitus › Decreased ROM  Tx › PRICE › Referral – certain situations › Rehab

› EV  Severity depends on:  Amount of force  Amount of tape  Type of shoe  Strength of muscles  S/Sx › Swelling, discoloration › Crepitus › Decreased ROM  Tx › PRICE › Referral – certain situations › Rehab

 85% of ankle sprains occur from excessive inversion  15% of ankle sprains occur from excessive eversion

 MOI › Heel hits ground forcefully › Posterior dislocation occurs with a blow to the anterior aspect of the leg while the ankle is in plantar flexion  S/Sx › PAIN › Deformity › Inability to use  Tx › 911

 MOI › Repeated running, jumping, landing › Causes cells in tendon to break down  S/Sx › Tenderness › Swelling › Crepitus on dorsiflexion  Tx › Rest and Ice › Stretching › Refer to MD sometimes

 MOI › Forced dorsiflexion › Blow to Achilles › Sudden forceful contraction of gastrocnemius  S/Sx › Pain › Hear/feel pop › Deformity › Swelling › weakness

 Tx › REFER immediately › Splint, ice, crutches

 MOI › The muscle fibers on the medial side of the tibia become torn and irritated  S/Sx › Pain  Over tibia  While running/walking › Tight calf muscle

 Tx › PRICE › Ice massage! › Calf stretching › New shoes › Arch supports/tape

 MOI › Due to overuse or severe impact, the tissue in the compartment swells, it increases the pressure on the connective tissue, which causes severe pain that increases with activity and does not subside when there is no activity or a period of rest  S/Sx › Hot, red skin; hardness in area › Loss of foot motion › Numbness/tingling › Severe pain

 Tx › REFER immediately!!! › Surgery required to relieve pressure

 MOI › Chronic stress  S/sx › Tenderness at bottom of calcaneus – progresses toward toes  Tx › Heel cup › Stretching calf and plantar muscles of foot › PRICE › Night splint