Chapter 15: Sections 1 and 2

People began to question traditional beliefs…  Theory of Relativity- Albert Einstein Light travels at a constant speed but time and space do not (they vary)- shattered ideas of absolute laws of motion and gravity  Freudian Psychology- Sigmund Freud Believed much of human behavior is irrational and controlled by the unconscious- weakened faith in reason  Existentialism Life has no universal meaning, people have to find their own meaning to life ○ Influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche who believed western ideas of reason, democracy and progress stifled creativity Wanted to rtn to values of pride and strength Big impact on Germany and Italy

Literature in the 1920s  Full of anxiety

Revolution in the Arts  Portrayal of inner world of emotion and imagination Cubism – Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque Surrealism- link world of dreams with real life (inspired by Freud) Guernica- Picasso The Persistence of Memory- Salvador Dali

Changes…  Women Suffrage Style: smoked/drank in public, makeup, bobbed hair Increased # of working women Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman- advocated birth control  Tech advances Improved autos led many to move to the suburbs, cultural change Airplanes- most major airlines established ○ 1 st person to make a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean- Charles Lindbergh Radio ○ 1895 Guglielmo Marconi ○ st commercial station- KDKA in Pittsburgh Movies ○ 90% made in Hollywood ○ Charlie Chaplin- most famous

Academic Writing- Journal

The Weimar Republic- Germany’s gov’t after WWI  Problems Germany lacked democratic traditions Many political parties Blamed for wartime defeat and Versailles Treaty  War created inflation- had printed $, faced w/ reparations printed more- decreased value of $  Signed the Dawes Plan- U.S. provided $200 million loan to G, set up reparation pymts By 1929 G. produces goods at pre-war levels

Group Activity  Causes of the Great Depression Complete readings note causes mentioned in each

Combating the Depression  Britain Est. coalition gov’t (temporary alliance of several political parties) called National gov’t ○ Increased taxes, regulate $, decrease interest rates  France Coalition gov’t- moderates, Socialists, Communists called The Popular Front ○ Increased prices, wage increases  Denmark, Sweden, Norway All citizen taxed to pay for needed programs  U.S. FDR’s New Deal ○ Social Security, public works projects, bank regulations

Q-sort  Causes and effects of the depression