1. Chapter 15 Section 1 Postwar Uncertainty
Objective: Analyze the scientific, artistic, social, & technological changes that took place during the 1920s & the impact they had on the world
Vocabulary: Albert Einstein, Theory of Relativity, Sigmund Freud, Existentialism, Friedrich Nietzsche, Surrealism, Jazz, & Charles Lindbergh

2. A New Revolution in Science
German born Albert Einstein offered startling new ideas on space, time, energy, & matter
Theory of Relativity: Einstein’s ideas about the interrelationships between time & space & between energy & matter
Austrian physician Sigmund Freud treated patients with psychological problems
He believed that much of our human behavior is irrational (part of your unconscious)
People began to question traditional beliefs that there would be progress
Have you every done something without thinking about it?

3. Literature in 1920s
Disillusioned by war, many people feared the future & expressed doubts about traditional religious beliefs
Some writers & thinkers expressed their anxieties by creating disturbing visions of the present & the future
Existentialism: philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices & actions
Friedrich Nietzsche believed society should return to the values of pride, assertiveness, & strength
You were never meant to do anything, it was the choices that you made that led you to that action
Give me an example of someone you or other people might think was put on earth do a particular thing

4. Revolution in the Arts
Artists wanted to depict the inner world of emotion & imagination rather than show realistic representations of objects
Pablo Picasso founded Cubism
Surrealism: an art movement that sought to link the world of dreams with real life
Jazz: developed by musicians, mainly African- Americans, in major cities in the U.S.
New Oreleans, Memphis, & Chicago
Capture the new freedom of the age

5. Society Challenges Convention
World War I had allowed women to take on new roles
After the war, women’s suffrage became law in many countries including the U.S., Britain, Germany, Sweden, & Austria
Although women still followed traditional paths of marriage & family; a growing number spoke out for greater freedoms in their lives
American women gained the right to vote in 1920
Women wore shorter, looser garments, & had their hair cut short “bobbed”
Women began to work in medicine, education, journalism, & other professional jobs
Why did more women believe that they could fight for these rights? What major event allowed them to “try” out these professional jobs

6. Technological Advances Improve Life
The war’s technological advances were put to use to improve transportation & communication after the war
Car prices dropped & the middle class could afford cars
Charles Lindbergh captured world attention by traveling solo across the Atlantic from New York to Paris
In the early 1920s Commercial Radio & Motion Pictures became major industries
33 hour solo flight
Amelia Earhart

7. Chapter 15 Section 2 A Worldwide Depression
Objective: Compare postwar Europe, the Weimar Republic, & the causes & effects of the Great Depression
Vocabulary: Coalition Government, Weimar Republic, Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt, & New Deal
The United States & Japan came out in a better financial system after the war.

8. Postwar Europe
The Great War left every major European country nearly bankrupt
Russia fell to a Communist dictatorship
Coalition Government: temporary alliance of several parties to form a parliamentary majority to stabilize governments
Frequent changes made long term goals impossible
Voters were often willing to sacrifice democratic governments for strong authoritarian leadership

9. The Weimar Republic
Weimar Republic: government established in Germany in 1919
Millions of Germans blamed the republic for their postwar humiliation
To pay the expenses of war, Germany simply printed more money
Paper money eventually lost its value
The Dawes Plan had American banks invest in Germany & stabilize German currency
German’s economy started producing more & after some agreements was implemented into the League of Nations
Germany was ruled originally by a monarchy & not use to any democratic traditions
In 1918, a loft of bread cost less than a mark
In 1922 it cost about 160 marks
In 1923, it cost 200 billion marks
They set up a realistic schedule for Germany’s payment

10. Check for Understanding
Why did Germany have to pay for the expenses of WWI? Was this fair?
Sentence Starter: Germany had to pay for the expenses of World War I because ___________. This was fair/unfair because ______________.

11. Financial Collapse
Several weaknesses in the U.S. economy caused serious problems
Store owners couldn’t sell goods, factories reduced production & laid off workers
Agricultural production drove prices up but profits down
In the United States, people bought stocks on the margin
October 29th 1929, Black Tuesday, a record 16 million stocks were sold & the market collapsed
What is a company you would invest in?
People panic and sold all their shares

12. The Great Depression
Great Depression: severe economic slump that followed the collapse of the U.S. stock market in 1929
Thousands of businesses failed & banks closed
9 million people lost the money in their saving accounts when banks had no money to pay them
By 1933, ¼ of all American workers had no jobs
The collapse of the American economy sent shock waves to European economies as well
World Trade dropped 65%
Banks also invested money in the stock market & lost it

13. Check for Understanding
What would you do if the bank closed & you lost your entire savings account? Who would you blame?
Sentence Starter: I would ____________ if I lost my entire saving account because _______.
I would blame ______ because ___________.

14. The World Confronts the Crisis
Depression hit Great Britain hard but they were able to preserve its democracy
France was more self sufficient but 1 million French workers were unemployed
Franklin D. Roosevelt: elected in 1932
FDR’s confident manner appealed to million of Americans
New Deal: FDR’s economic reform program designed to solve the problems created by the Great Depression