Exit Ticket Review 1. Scientists believe the atmosphere of early Earth was incapable of supporting aerobic organisms. Which best explains this belief? There was no water in the environment. Photosynthesis was occurring too slowly. Multicellular organisms used up the water. Free oxygen was missing from the environment.

Exit Ticket Review 2. Which best describes the first unicellular organisms on Earth? aerobic and eukaryotic aerobic and prokaryotic anaerobic and eukaryotic anaerobic and prokaryotic

Exit Ticket Review 3. Which best explains why the first organisms on Earth were anaerobic? lack of water lack of oxygen too much water too much oxygen

Exit Ticket Review 4. Which two organelles found in eukaryotic cells indicate an endosymbiotic origin? Mitochondria and chloroplast Nucleus and mitochondria Chloroplast and cell wall Ribosomes and nucleus

Exit Ticket Review 5. Which is most likely the order of the origin of life on Earth? Eukaryote, invertebrate, prokaryote, vertebrate, amphibian Prokaryote, amphibian, invertebrate, reptile, mammal Prokaryote, eukaryote, invertebrate, vertebrate, fish Amphibian, fish, reptile, eukaryote, vertebrate

Agenda Notes – Evolution by Natural Selection Peppered Moth Lab Exit Ticket

Evolution and Natural Selection I can explain evolution through natural selection.

EVOLUTION change over time 8

In order for evolution to happen, you need…. Variation Inheritance Time Selection V I T S 9

Variation I T S Differences between individuals 10

When there is variation, some individuals will have better fitness (good genes) Fitness = the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment 11

V Inheritance T S Traits are passed on 12

V I Time S MANY generations 13

V I T Selection Birds eat green beetles. Being brown is a “good” trait for beetles because they avoid being seen. They survive and reproduce. Individuals with “good” traits survive and reproduce more 14

Adaptation an inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival and reproduction

Charles Darwin English scientist who first proposed the theory of evolution. This states that all species descended from a common ancestor and adapted to their environment over time.

Charles Darwin Darwin studied finches in the Galapagos Islands and found that different species had different sized beaks depending on the food available Natural Selection is WHY Darwin’s finches matched their environment

NATURAL SELECTION IS JUST ONE PROCESS THAT CAN RESULT IN EVOLUTION Natural Selection: Organisms best suited to their environment as a result of good genes survive and reproduce. Natural Selection = reproduction (and survival) of the fittest NATURAL SELECTION IS JUST ONE PROCESS THAT CAN RESULT IN EVOLUTION

Think.. What does natural selection act directly on? phenotypes genotypes both phenotypes and genotypes neither phenotypes nor genotypes A

Examples of Natural Selection….

large beaks are selected for In an environment with BIG SEEDS…. Big beak = adaptation } Survives longer Reproduces more NATURAL SELECTION Passes on more genes Big beaks become more common large beaks are selected for

camouflage are selected for In an environment with predators Camouflage } Survives longer NATURAL SELECTION Reproduces more Passes on more genes VIDEO Camouflage become more common camouflage are selected for

Small beaks are selected against In an environment with BIG SEEDS…. Small beak } Dies out quicker NATURAL SELECTION Reproduces less Passes on fewer genes Small beaks become less common Small beaks are selected against

Adaptations If they are favorable, they will survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles!

Adaptation An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival

Camouflage Camouflage: an adaptation that allows a species to blend in with its surroundings so predators cannot see it Predators are less likely to find a camouflaged animal

Camouflage

Camouflage

Mimcry organisms evolve to share common perceived characteristics with other organisms So that they can survive easier

Some insects can have the appearance of twigs, leaf, bark, wood and some may simply be the same color as their habitat

This insect looks like a dried leaf, and the shape and color

some butterflies on their wings have painted a false head like a butterfly on this picture. At first glance it seems to us that we saw a  animal with large and passionate eyes, giving them a good way of camouflage, and defense against predators.

On this bug colors are so deployed give us the impression that we look into being with large eyes and mouth filled with sharp say teeth.

Plant Adaptations Plant Structure Leaves adapt to a plant’s environment Example 1: plants that live on the rainforest floor (so get little light) have broad, flat leaves to capture as much light as possible ----- Meeting Notes (11/23/15 12:37) -----

Plant Adaptations Plant Structure Leaves adapt to a plants environment Example 2: cactus that live in the desert (so get little water) have spines for leaves to keep from losing water

Agenda Notes – Evolution by Natural Selection Peppered Moth Lab Exit Ticket

Peppered Moth Lab Lab Objectives: Describe the importance of coloration in avoiding predation Relate environmental change to changes in organisms Explain how natural selection causes populations to change. Background: Industrial Melanism is a term used to describe the adaptation of a population in response to pollution. One example of rapid industrial melanism occurred in populations of peppered moths in the area of Manchester, England from 1845 to 1890. Before the industrial revolution, the trunks of the trees in the forest around Manchester were light grayish-green due to the presence of lichens. Most of the peppered moths in the area were light colored with dark spots. As the industrial revolution progressed, the tree trunks became covered with soot (chimney smoke) and turned dark. Over a period of 45 years, the dark variety of the peppered moth became more common.

Peppered Moth Lab Work in pairs (who you are sitting next to) Predator Prey (peppered moths) Predator CAN NOT look Prey sets up location in the environment Predator has 10 seconds to catch and eat the prey PICK UP WITH THEIR PREDATOR BIRD BEAKS…. 2 fingers! **complete table and analysis questions together

Review Evolution – changes over time Variation Inheritance Time Selection Natural Selection (“survival of the fittest”) Fitness – ability to survive and reproduce Adaptation – change to an organism to increase chance of survival and reproduction

Exit Ticket